Top Guide of Samples of Essay Writing in Ielts

Top Guide of Samples of Essay Writing in Ielts When you are requested to compose an essay, attempt to locate some samples (models) of similar writing and learn how to observe the craft of the writer. Relevance of literature review The sample has to be in a position to aid the reader to recognize the crucial features of literature review. Question Yourself Before you compose an essay you should question yourself about the subject of the essay. The essay will be far more readable when the reader is aware of what to anticipate from the body paragraphs. Creative essays should have a topic. Writing a hero essay ought to be fairly simple. Narration is telling a story from a particular viewpoint, and there is generally a reason behind the telling. When you compose a narrative essay, you're telling a story. A lengthier essay has room for increased detail. The essay you're likely to write should also interest the readers, so the purpose of the essay is going to be achieved. If you're to really gain from model essays, you want to understand how to read the techniques of the writer'. In case the author is an individual, then their very first name is used first. The capability to compose a great essay begins with careful and effective planning. When you have gathered ideas on this issue, you must properly set your thoughts into words. When you're able to locate the answers then you're on a good beginning towards writing a fantastic essay Research your subject When given a topic we require a lot of material to have a notion of what things to write. For writing a good-quality essay you require specific wisdom and ways of building the suitable structure. Bear in mind, it's important to continue to keep things smooth and efficient. Any subtle misalignments in the plan, or possibly a misalignment with the design and the form of the label itself is a terrible sign. It's highly probable that you aren't going to have the ability to learn all new English words, so you need to compose your mind which types of new words you need to pay focus on. On occasion a superior illustration of what you're attempting to achieve is well worth a 1000 words of advice! So you need to compose an essay for whichever one that you pick, but the other part is different based on which module you're taking. Don't be concerned about a few of them being rather abstract their principal purpose is to reveal to you the basic principles that you'll have the ability to transfer to your own writing. One must work hard in life, in order to accomplish his objectives. Essay Writing Skills can be gotten through various approaches. Essay writing skills is a hard and time-consuming job. Besides the writing test samples, it is also possible to see our guide on how to get ready for IELTS writing test. Below you'll find all you want to attain a high score in IELTS Writing Task 2. In conclusion, it looks like assignment essays continue to get a prominent part in tertiary education as an assessment tool. Nonetheless, the author should show intelligence through the wisdom of the subject along with virtue and goodwill. Adding a number of the winning elements from the sample essays below will supply you with the additional marks you want to be a high-scorer on the IELTS. The students may face hindrances in the event the dissertation sample turns out to be of sub-standard and does not satisfy the criteria of skilled writing. Initially you might want to check at the image quality of the sample labels you could be viewing. You may use the samples as a foundation for working out how to write in the proper style. It is critical to try to bear in mind that each one of your sources of information needs to be cited accordingly and therefore your work isn't going to become plagiarized. Clearly, every approach differs.

Mill vs. Bentham - 2787 Words

In what ways did John Stuart Mills version of utilitarianism differ from that of Jeremy Bentham? Which do you consider preferable? The Cambridge International Dictionary of English defines utilitarianism as the system of thought which states that the best action or decision in a particular situation is the one which most benefits the most people. This is the main idea of the system of thought and it is from this the beliefs and opinions of John Stuart Mill (1806 - 1873), Jeremy Bentham (1748 - 1832) and other early utilitarians were developed. Jeremy Bentham, a friend of J. S. Mills father and the mentor of J. S. Mill, is usually considered the founder of British utilitarianism. J. S. Mill adapted Benthams ideas and philosophies to†¦show more content†¦He spent much of his time engaged in intense study, sometimes eight to twelve hours a day and by his death he had written tens of thousands manuscripts on many subjects. In 1808 he met James Mill, John Stuart Mills father, who fully supported Benthams ideas on utilitarianism. Bentham founded a group of intellectual philosophers called the ‘Philosophic al Radicals, or simply the ‘Benthamites, of which James Mill became a prominent member along with David Ricardo, George Grote and John Austin. Bentham and James Mill founded the Westminster Review, which aimed to propagate Radical views and to oppose the Whig supporting Edinburgh Review and the Tory Quarterly Review. It was in this publication that much of J. S. Mills work was presented, although he also wrote for other newspapers and journals including the Morning Chronicle and Parliamentary History Review. By the 1820s Bentham had become a widely respected figure both in Britain and other parts of the world and many of his ideas continue to be at the centre of academic debate. Benthams work is still considered to be the true basis of the utilitarian philosophy. His most influential works, in terms of how much they influenced the Victorian reform, are An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789), widely consideredShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism : Bentham And Mill766 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism: Bentham VS. Mill Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that holds the morally right course of action in any given situation is the course of which yields the greatest balance of benefits over harms. More specifically, utilitarianism’s core idea is that the effects of an action determine whether actions are morally right or wrong. Created with philosophies of Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), Utilitarianism began in England in the 19th Century. Bentham andRead MoreUtilitarianism Vs. Mill Utilitarianism1004 Words   |  5 Pagesanism: Bentham VS. Mill Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that holds the morally right course of action in any given situation is the course of which yields the greatest balance of benefits over harms. More specifically, utilitarianism’s core idea is that the effects of an action determine whether actions are morally right or wrong. Created with the philosophies of Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), Utilitarianism began in England in the 19th Century. BenthamRead MoreAn Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation by Jeremey Bentham.1026 Words   |  5 Pagesis generally considered a moral theory that was found by Jeremey Bentham, a 19th century English philosopher and a social reformer. In 1923, he wrote a book called An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Bentham idea was to understand the concept of happiness and that it is the definitive goal to all human beings. Bentham believes in a principle in which human s should be motivated by pain and pleasure, Bentham said in his book, â€Å"Nature has placed mankind under the governanceRead MoreA Decent Job At Separating Religion From Morality1405 Words   |  6 Pageskind of consequentialism Mills and Bentham use. Morals can be dependent of an individual’s preferences depending on the individual’s motives behind their actions. If one is religiously motivated to be moral, and fears the consequences if they are not moral, then they are not going off of their individual preferences. Those who decide what they want to do based off of their own pleasures, make moral decisions based on their own interests and preferences. Mill and Bentham, Aristotle, and Kant all haveRead MoreJohn Locke And Thomas Jefferson Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagesagreements are imposed. Jefferson and Locke both support the notion of individuals having the responsibility to manage other issues by themselves without the interference of the government (Heywood 2014a, p.44-45). Acknowledged by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill, utilitarianism is an ethical philosophy linked to human nature. Both of these influential liberalists deemed the notion of natural rights as an illogical and unrealistic explanation of human nature. They promoted that humans were motivatedRead More Comparing the Utility of Bentham and Mill Essay1927 Words   |  8 PagesComparing the Utility of Bentham and Mill utility \U*tili*ty\, n. [OE. utilite, F. utilit[e], L. utilitas, fr. utilis useful. See Utile.] †¦ 3. Happiness; the greatest good, or happiness, of the greatest number, -- the foundation of utilitarianism. --J. S. Mill. Syn: Usefulness; advantageous; benefit; profit; avail; service. (www.dictionary.com) One of the major players in ethical theories has long been the concept of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism states that in generalRead MoreMoral Theories Of Utilitarianism And Deontological Ethics1266 Words   |  6 Pagesspecifying and justifying moral principles. Utilitarianism has been clarified by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). Bentham proposed that actions are based upon the consequences (Moreland, 2009), and ongoing work on his theory will help in providing grounds for legal actions. His ideas regarding every human keeping his interests above the interests of others, were further worked by Mill (Sweet, n.d). Utilitarianism tries to improve the moral state of the world for as manyRead MoreCompare Utilitarianism with the religion that you have studiedUtilitarianism VS Christianity684 Words   |  3 Pagesthe religion that you have studied Utilitarianism VS Christianity BASIC MAXIM – â€Å"THE GREATEST HAPPINESS FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER† JEREMY BENTHAM – Act Utilitarianism (each action should be judged on its ability to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number) - Devised principle of utility - Established a hedonic calculus to measure pleasure/pain brought about by each action. JOHN STUART MILL – Rule Utilitarianism (rules should be formulated firstRead MoreJeremy Bentham And John Stuart Mills Mill On Utilitarianism872 Words   |  4 PagesMill on Utilitarianism â€Å"The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness (Utilitarianism, Mill). This theory of Utilitarianism was generated by the original Utilitarians, Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Mill says: â€Å"Happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privationRead MoreEssay about Utilitarianism and Happiness845 Words   |  4 Pagesutility (pleasure or happiness).it looks at the consequence of an action as to whether the outcome is good to the majority of people affected by it. According to Bentham, utilitarianism is the greatest happiness or greatest felicity principle. There are many types of this theory which include act vs. rule, two level, motive, negative and average vs. total. (Clifford G., John C. 2009) In act utilitarianism, when people have to make choices, they should consider the consequences of each choice and then choose

Managing Change Management Is The Field - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Managing Change Management Is The Field. Answer: Managing Change The ADKAR model is the effective model to bring successful change in the organisations. ADKAR stands for Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability and Reinforcement. ADKAR model has various applications which helps in guiding the individuals in the organisation for bringing the change. This model helps individuals in driving the change and to achieve organisational objectives. Change in organisations: A Process Change is not an easy process. Change management is the field which is complex and difficult to understand but there are many techniques which helped in making this process easier by breaking down the whole process into several stages. The anthropologist, Arnold Van Gennep brought a theory in which he divided the change into three phases to make change easier. This was published in 1909 in The Rights of Passage. The three distinct phases of change developed from the minds of Kurt Lewin and William Bridges in their works (Resolving Social conflicts in 1948 Transitions in 1980). These phases were discussed keeping in mind the difficulty which is faced by the individuals in facing the change and stepping out of their comfortable zone. According to Prosci, the framework of change management includes three stages which includes the current stage, transition stage and the changed/ future stage. The implications of all these three stages is also discussed in the framework. By current state, it means that how are the things in present situation. Similarly, by future state it means that how things will be after the transition will take place and the transition stage is the one where it is shown that how things moves from the current state to the future state. The change in organisations can be managed efficiently by using the strategies and tactics for each stage. The below given diagram of change management clearly shows that how the change moves beyond and how people accept the changes by going through the process. When the person is in current states, he needs awareness to move out of the current state. The participation and support of the people are necessary to bring in the change. Transition phase requires the kno wledge and the capabilities to bring in and accept the change. Once, the people passes through the transition phase, they reach future state and bring in the abilities to sustain that change. Figure: States of Change These states of change can clearly be divided into the five blocks of ADKAR model where each block has a significance and makes sense while making change in the organisation and management. A Guide to Change Management Plans In the method and model of Proscis organisational change management, the 3 step process guides the change management plans. These plans are used in combination with the plans of the project so that the people can be managed effectively. The research has been done and based on that research by Proscis, there are five major plans which builds up the whole change management method. These plans include Communication plan, roadmap of sponsorships, coaching plan, training plan and Resistance to management plan. These five plans helps in understanding the model from the perspective of the professionals of change management. As far as ADKAR is concerned, it is an outcome oriented method which explains the milestones which are to be achieved by the individuals so that the change can be accepted successfully. These milestones can be referred to the goals which the professionals need to achieve when change management plan is developed. For an example, the below given three plans shows how ADKAR helps in change management. First of all, Communication plan helps in building awareness for the requirement of change and then provides strength to sustain the change in the organisation. The roadmaps created for sponsorships helps in building the awareness for the need of change in the organisation and it also encourage people to participate in the change process. The Training plan provides knowledge and learning to the individuals to bring the change and shows an ability to implement the change with essential behaviour for the same. Change management can be done successfully by using the tools which can also be understood as the plans for bringing and accepting the change. The main motive of change management is to focus on the transition of the employees in their day to day work. ADKAR helps in bringing this change by supporting the transition process. Measuring Progress of change The very first question is that how effectiveness of change management approach can be measured. The change management actions can be measured by measuring the times of communication, the frequency of changing the information between superiors and subordinates. It can be measured by the times of training given to the employees. But, the measurement of the activities does not show that how change management can achieve the intentions of the organisation. This is now when the ADKAR model come into the major role and it describes the elements which are required to bring a change in the organisation. ADKAR helps in witnessing the change during the transition process. Analysis of Gaps ADKAR model helps in understanding the factors which leads to the failure of change like lack of awareness or lack of participation or any other factor. ADKAR model is assessed in order to identify the barriers of change. ADKAR can be assessed by ranking the awareness, participation level, knowledge and other factors on a scale of one to five. The below given graph is used to assess the points of barrier. A score below three is a barrier point. Once the scores are identified, corrective actions can be taken thereafter. DEVELOPINGCORRECTIVEACTIONS The main problem is to establish curative actions without knowing the main cause which lead to failure in change. If a person do not know and understand why the change is not accomplishing then it gets difficult to pick the right curative actions. Even if you choose the corrective actions which do not concentrate on the right ADKAR building block then it gets very depressing and demotivating for the employees. This can be more elaborated as, if an employee concentrates on his skills and determines that whether he have the skills to be successful or not, but at the same time if the team focuses on the need of change by more communication, eventually the employee will get frustrated and becomes resistant. Also if an employee thinks that there is no use of continuing the job with the new way but at the same time the change management provide him with more enhanced training i.e. knowledge interference, he might get very disappointed.ADKAR not only helps us in selecting the appropriate action in case a change is not working but also constructs the goal of change management. Once we get an understanding of which of the ADKAR elements is missing, then ADKAR gives guidance with the help of which an individual get to know how to move forward during the change process. The various actions taken by us help the person in many ways like, he might get to know the reasons for change, he will learn how to change and establish the new required behaviors. It will also help him to develop personal buy-in for the change, and hence will set up reinforcement mechanisms which will help him in implementing the change continuously. ENABLINGLEADERSTOCOACHTHROUGHCHANGE The operations of ADKAR are not only work for the change management resource ad team but also beyond it. According to a research, the most important component of the change process is the employees supervisor or the manager. For any type of guidance or information which is related to the change the employees look forward to their supervisor or to the manager. The managers and the supervisors are the ones who send the change messages to the employees. The relationship between an employee and the manager is in a way that the manager directly influences an employees decision with respect to the change. It has also been observed that when it is about leading the employees in undergoing the change the managers and supervisors really have a hard time. The managers did not have a chance to develop and understand the leading change which is a unique and new capability required in the leaders.The most efficient tool which at times the organizations give to their managers is a brief picture an d analysis of the way employees experience the change process. The managers should also know how to identify their own employees faults in the change process. Different employees have different barriers like one can have barrier point around awareness other might have barrier around knowledge. The ADKAR models works as a framework which lets the managers to understand and locate the employees in the change process and the barriers which they are confronting. If the managers will know the where are the gaps in the change process of the employees they can easily train each employee on the basis of the gaps and their barrier points. If the managers have knowledge of Prosci ADKAR model it will get easy for them to fill up the gap between a great leader and a great leader of change. CREATINGACOMMONLANGUAGEFORCHANGE A proper teaching of the ADKAR model as a common language for change to all the people of the organisation will have many effects like;Itwillopenupthelinesofcommunication It will help in creating a consolidated access for change managementItwillpromoteanorganizationofpeoplewhoarereadyforchangeThe leaders can use the ADKAR model in directing their conversations in a profitable way in spite of dealing with the emotional existence of change without any guidance and support. Along with this, ADKAR also provides an accessible scheme for discussing the change. If the people will have common language to discuss the change leads to a productive conversation between the leaders and the employees.This model creates unified way for addressing the people side of change and hence everyone gets the benefit with a common expectation. The leaders start asking questions like how are we building awareness of the need for this strategic initiative? and consider individual models of this model. As a res ult, it benefits for consistency, and efficiency.At times, employees use the ADKAR model to locate their own sources of resistance which empowers them to embrace change proactively. Employees can use ADKAR to understand process and move through change.

James Baldwins Notes of a Native Son free essay sample

Critiques authors arguments on racist American society, black rage, white ignorance, hope vs. pessimism. In his collection of essays Notes of A Native Son, James Baldwin argues that racial relations in the United States have come to a crisis point. Baldwin offers no documentation for his deeply passionate declarations, and his essays should not be seen as objective portraits of race relations in the United States. If the reader is convinced that Baldwins dire warning to the country is appropriate, it will be because of the passion of the authors personal views, and perhaps the readers own experience of race in this country. Indeed, Baldwins arguments, supported by my own experiences and education, convince me that he has analyzed the tragic history and continuing presence of racism in this country with a terrible accuracy. However, the truth of Baldwins overall assessment of race relations does not erase a serious problem with respect to his predictions for the future. We will write a custom essay sample on James Baldwins Notes of a Native Son or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Crimes misc0 essays

Crimes misc0 essays two young women. After talking with Sonia, Raskolnikov fully confesses to the murder, and is sentenced to eight years in a siberian prision. Sonia follows him and with her help, Raskolnikov begins his regeneration. Rodian Raskolnikov is best seen as two characters. He often acts in one manner, and then suddenly in a manner completly contradictory. Raskolknikov is best described when Razumihim attempts to explain Raskolknikov to his mother and sister as being a "morose, gloomy, proud fanciful. He has a noble nature and a kind heart...he would rather do a cruel thing than open his heart freely. Sometimes, though, he is not at all morbid, but simply cold and inhumanly callous, its as if he were alternating between two characters." (Dostoevsky 200) His two characters are best interpreted as 1)his detatched, cold, intellectual side which emphasizes "power" and "self will" and 2) his warm compassionate humane side which suggests self-submissive and meekness. The intellectual side is a result of his deliberate and premeditated actions, such as the theories he formulated about the crimes. The other side of his character, the warm compassionate side, operates without and interfering thought process. Ironically the two murders that he ends up committing relate back to the two aspects of Raskolnikov's character. In this dual murder, he has killed one person who is mean, wicked, and cold (Alyona), and a second, Lizaveta, who is warm, friendly, human, compassionate, and exceedingly innocent person. But does the author ever remind us of the murder at any time in the novel again? Not in the physical sense of the crime itself. The reader doesn't hear how heavily the murderers are weighing on his heart, or how he is tormented by the visions of the crime, only his pride's hurt. Raskolknikov never again recalls the massive amounts of blood everywhere, the ...

Happen vs. Occur

Happen vs. Occur Happen vs. Occur Happen vs. Occur By Maeve Maddox Anyone who watches U.S. television has seen the pharmaceutical ads that feature deliriously happy healthy-looking people frolicking with pets and loved ones as a Voice Over enumerates the serious side effects that can â€Å"happen† if they ingest the product being advertised. My initial reaction to these ads was that more precise synonyms for happen had gone the way of pallor, a once common word that’s been replaced by paleness. After all, advertisers must simplify language for the masses. Now, however, I believe that the repeated use of happen in ads for medications is a deliberate choice meant to distance the products advertised from the grim possibilities listed in the warnings. Consider the different connotations of the following statements: Severe bleeding or death may happen. Severe bleeding or death may occur. Severe bleeding or death may result. There’s not a lot of difference between happen and occur, butthanks to the expression â€Å"Stuff happens,† happen is closely associated with blind chance. Things that â€Å"happen† can’t really be anticipated or guarded against. Occur is a bit more definite, even in pharmaspeak, as in this warning on a bottle of niacin: â€Å"Discontinue use and consult your doctor if any adverse reactions occur.† Result is altogether too definite a word as it means â€Å"to arise as a consequence, effect, or outcome of some action, process, or design.† For variety in your own writing, here are a few other ways to convey the idea of â€Å"happening†: take place come about follow appear develop arise ensue crop up transpire materialize present itself come to pass eventuate turn out befall Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†How to spell "in lieu of"List of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say!

Globalization as a Political Phenomenon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalization as a Political Phenomenon - Essay Example This paper stresses that technology has also been globalized through education and training, where scientists and engineers take learn about new inventions and innovations, at times via platforms such as the internet. It, therefore, gives opportunity to participants globally, aiding them in developing and advancing the global tech world. It is therefore important for countries to participate where new opportunities arise, to be at per with the rest of the world. Also, since globalization has been adopted by almost every nation around the globe, it will be of great benefit for governments to come up with regulations and rules that will govern the world at a global level. This will in turn curb crisis experiences and damages that can be caused as a result of selfishness and greediness of some countries. In terms of politics, the assigned bodies, which are responsible for regulating and overseeing the overall political issues, should start to act and perform their duties adequately. This essay makes a conclusion that economically, since globalization has influenced positively so far, organizations responsible for regulating it should stay put. They should also ensure there is equal opportunity distributed around so as to prevent future flaws and biasness. In terms of culture and socialization, countries that view themselves as of higher social status than the others should have regulation imposed on them. It will give opportunities to other countries with varying social and cultural status the opportunity to rise and probably offer the world a new insight altogether.

Research Proposal for Larghall Leisue Ltd Assignment

Research Proposal for Larghall Leisue Ltd - Assignment Example Larghall Leisure Ltd. has a small pub chain that operates ten theme pubs within the county of Hertfordshire, England. They have retained our market research consultancy firm to formulate a research strategy proposal that will enable them to appropriately address their responsible business practices in light of the issue of underage and binge drinking. Given the limitations of Larghall Leisure Ltd.'s project in terms of budget and their urgency to receive the results in a four month timeframe, this research proposal will target only the most effective methods available and seek to maximize the expertise and personnel resources already present within the organization. The inland county of Hertfordshire lies north of the Greater London area, with much of the land contained within the London commuter belt. Not surprisingly, it has a large number of major transportation links. With a residential population in excess of one million people, over 93% of whom are white, Larghall Leisure Ltd. is conducting business in a bustling area of young to middle-aged people. This population is frequently enhanced by tourists enjoying the county's large number of historical and recreational parks, a university, and other attractions that can be expected to draw young people into its borders. Within the scope of the company's primary concern, underage and binge drinking, its area of operation presents unique challenges given the specific characteristics of the region; namely the likelihood that its pubs will be filled with youth on both an ongoing basis and on special occasions. Of particular note is the presence of two potential sources of a large number of young adults; Knebworth House and the University of Hertfordshire. Knebworth House is a 250 acre complex of parks that is a regular venue for rock and pop festivals. Given the proximity to London, it is not hard to foresee large influxes of young people coming into the area for concerts, and having easy access to the towns and villages wherein Larghall Leisure Ltd. has pubs. Further, the University of Hertfordshire, created from the Hatfield Polytechnic Institute, ensures a residential segment of young adults during the school year. Taken in combination, it is predictable that the pubs will see students throughout the year and have busy summers with concert attendees. As noted below in the discussion of the issue, it is this segment of the population which is prone to the binge drinking behavior about which the company is concerned. With the county motto of "Trust and fear not," it is clear that the cit izens expect a safe environment. (All statistical data - Wikipedia, 2006: pp. 1-5) As a responsible member of this community, Larghall Leisure Ltd. should be properly concerned about the issue of underage and bing

The Best Thing in Life is Free

The Best Thing in Life is Free Essay No one can deny that the Internet is the most helpful invention in the past centuries. Thanks to the Internet, people’s lives have never been more convenient, easy and worth living. But some people want to limit what the Internet can show us. In my opinion, an open, free Internet is better than a more regulated one because it gives us more freedom, free and huge source of study materials and big entertainment choices unlike the one people want to limit. An open Internet gives us not only the freedom of being whoever we want to be, but also the freedom to express ourselves without limitations. For example, social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace offer people the chance to freely express their opinions without being judged. Unlike the regulated Internet, people have to watch out for what they’re saying about political ideas or about some other people. Moreover, another option the free Internet gives people who want to show their emotions and thinking is blogging. â€Å"Blogs can give readers a clearer idea of what is happening than official newspaper or TV channels can, even in countries where the media are free.† (How Blogging Changed My Life, Ayesha Saldahna, p52). Blogs helped people socialize with the new places or new people. Also, â€Å"I enjoy blogging because it gives me opportunities to exchange ideas with people all around the world.† (How Blogging Changed My Life, Ayesha Saldahna, p53). Clearly, the free Internet has offered people the freedom to be themselves and express their feelings in any way they want without any limitations like the regulated Internet. Another helpful thing a free and open Internet offers us is a huge source of study materials. Instead of buying expensive books and waiting in lines at the library, we now can look up the information we need anywhere anytime through the Internet. For example, I have to do a research papers for my finals. But instead of wasting my time going everywhere to find the information I want, I just need to turn on my laptop and search for any information related to my topic. Unlike the regulated Internet, the free and open Internet offers a huge source of information. So all that is left to do is choose which information is the best for my paper. Moreover, with the money I can save from not buying books, I can help myself with other school supplies. Therefore, free Internet is very helpful, time-efficient and of course, generally free. Lastly, with the invention of the Internet, people can enjoy any kind of entertainment at home. Before the Internet was invented, the only way people could entertain themselves was going out for activities or paying a lot of money on movie tickets, the zoo and concert tickets. Moreover, the long lines and sold-old tickets somehow limited the number of people who can actually get entertained. But since the Internet was born, we can watch movies, football and basketball games and the concerts at home. As time goes by, more and more Internet related home theater devices appeared and gave people more choices to enjoy their lives in the easiest and most convenient way. In conclusion, we can have a better life thanks to the Internet. But some people wanted to limit the features of the free Internet because they think it’s too dangerous. I disagree and I think an open and free Internet is better than a more regulated one. It has been helping us a lot and I want our future generations still can be able to use it in a freely way.

The Graffiti Exposure in Wynnum Essay example -- essays research paper

The Graffiti Exposure in Wynnum Is it a work of art; or a piece of scrawl sprayed across some bare surface? Ladies and Gentlemen, should Wynnum be exposed to Graffiti? Firstly, I would like to ask you. What is the cost to the government to ‘cover up' this unwanted advertisement? One recent attack placed a school approximately $4000 out of pocket. Further more, over the last twelve months, my school has experienced nine attempts at destroying the asthetic appeal of the buildings within. I could also safely say that most of the other schools in the Wynnum Manly district, both public and private, received similar encounters of degradation. It's not just the cost, it's also the time. What about the cleaners? What about the painters? What about the police? I am sure there are more constructive projects to cover than cleaning up after some graffiti vandal. It is not just our schools who experience the attacks. Scout dens, parks, businesses, trains, just to name a few, all lie in the mercy of the local crew, or graffiti gang. Is there a reason for such an act? Criminologists suggest that there are many motives for graffiti. These motives all point to one main factor. Targeting the higher authority: Revenge towards the authority; Anger towards the authority; Boredom from lack of authority; To convince of self-existence, and To explore prohibited areas placed by authority. The pattern of locations the police established, is that all the tags, or the writer's signature, are pla...

Global economic development Essay

Evaluation of Gwlad’s position within the global economic environment Swot analysis (Hewings, 1995) Strengths – Gwlad as a country should focus on its administrative strength in the public sector. This would allow the country to delivery better services to the public in terms of quick processing of documentary and information needed by the citizens. Secondly, the country has seems to be one of the states in Western Europe which has highest number of population with diverse cultural activities. The Gwlad country’s population diverse cultural work attracts a number of tourists. Weakness- the country offers low level services. It also shows that it has low manufacturing productions. In the overall results, the country has not developed to high production scale hence there is relatively low gross domestic productivity per head. Threats-the fact that the country has no ties with the other neighboring countries is vulnerable to incur high import and exports taxes. Other threats that may exits are those associated with shortages of vital good which are not produced locally. Opportunities- the country being in the region of Western Europe is most likely to be having advanced technology. This means that the wealthy in technology based activity can be worked to increase both the level of manufacturing as well as GDP per head within the country. Suggested policies to follow (Trogen, 1999) Technological policy- the group needs to utilize this policy in curbing the problem associated with the low productivity. In such a policy, the teams must emphasis both on innovation and invention work. Still many efforts should seek technical assistance from part of the globe where possible. Competition policy- in every kind of economic growth of region, amicable environment which allows competition is a must for spurring economic growth and development. This means that the local competition environment should be bestowed to all potential citizens in every particular sector of production. Apart from the local competitors, the policy should encompass other issues that would allow the external competition as part of initiating news ways of economic growth. activity2: yes! The issues that Dai has identified part of the main issues to look when deciding, marketing of Gwlad. It is clear that Dai has taken location, distance and labor as the main factors to consider in this marketing strategy. However, it should be known that security and resources available within the country plays important role in economic developments. Furthermore, the means of communicating available and the accessibility of they location goes hand in hand in determining the attraction external investors to come and invest in a particulars region. Overall, it would be very important to first consider the costs involved in the marketing of the Gwlad to the external world. While business activities are diverse, they entail a lot of interwoven interaction of many sectors. Any decision made within the government directly and indirectly affects the performance of the business. This form the fundamental issues as the governance procedure are final on business prosperity or failure. Hence, incentives and subsidiaries that are offered by the government in Gwlad perhaps would make the citizens and the foreigners’ interest to invest much aroused. Politics and policies enacted in the Gwlad also have enormous impact to business. Services and the rate at which they are available to interested business operators are also major part of marketing the state. This is because delay and bureaucracies in service and information acquisition are both derailing factors in business operations. Activity 3- (Meier, 2004): (I)-no! I do not agree that technological advances are the only key factors to economic development. There are other issues which are also of great importance. This is because economic development focuses on three or more area in its development. One of the focuses is the government policies. In such a field, economist examines issues which are concerned with price stabilities, employment and taxation as well as the policies set to have sustainable growth. as the economic development protocols are integrations of several factors, government operates on many areas which are directly in connection with economic development such monetary policies, trade transaction and taxation policies together with regulation pertaining to financial institutions. The second major area determining the economic development of a place or region is the manner in which policies dealing with services and infrastructures are set. These include highways, housing, security and still parks. Thirdly and the final section in which economic developments is determined is directed to policies of job creation, retention and expansion, technology transfers and marketing as well as neighborhood development. In such consideration, it is vivid that the economic development is not achieved only through technology advancement. Certain factors are physical factors which are needed for the operations of certain economical activities. Other factors are human based availabilities like policy making that affects the economic growth of an area. For instance, trade restriction may be major factor contributing to low rates of economic developments due to lack of competitive environments. Abolition o such trade restrictions create a better environment for potential foreign investors. Financial factors have been seen as prominent factors that enable economic developments as can be revealed in most developing and underdeveloped countries. Their economics developed rates are not associated with inadequate funding for projects based on economic development and projects on research work which brings about technical advances. Thus, human policy factors, financial status factors and technical factors are all attribute to economic development As from the above revelation, I do not agree the three sectors are the core that economic policy should concentrate in. Energy; environmental, telecommunication and ICT are not the core that can bring economic growth in a country without integrating changes in governance. Management of any organization/ institutions is vital. Thus the inclusion of effective management and services delivery would enhance proper utilization of the resources available in the three sectors which would lead to economic growth. Activity4-(Isard, 1985): analysis of inward investment attraction, domestic company development and combination strategies Inward investment Strengths- depending on the financial ability of the surrounding neighbor countries, this form one of the greatest strong hold in which the foreigners can capitalized in. this means that they would be able to provided financial services and their products. Weakness- the fact that the country has got no ties in trade transactions such as free trades areas with the neighboring states, many inwards investments are likely to be heavily taxed and barred in their operations. Generally, unfair treatment to the inward investors is likely to cause low rate of investment. Opportunities- the fact that most neighbors have advanced technology and also they are able to having greater GDP than the Gwlad, it means that the inwards investment would be able to replicate similar productivity phenomenon making trading a competitive issue in the country. This means that the inward investors would enjoy the advantages of large scale production (Pleeter,1990) Threats- following the inwards investors interacting with the locals, there is that possible of technology transfer which the local would gain an advantage of learning the new techniques and therefore begin producing local products that would halt the utilization of the investors’s products Domestic company development: strength- the country seems to be lagging behind in all the areas. This implies it has very limited strengths on which it can take an advantage over its neighbors. (Peterson, 2001) Weakness- the country is portrayed to lag behind in general productivity which implies that their is low trade activities in the regions Opportunities- the country having a score of learned individuals within its boundaries can be utilized both in the management level to bring technology to its required standards enhancing production which is a core to level of trade activities in country. Threats- the domestic company development are likely to be threaten when the country goes to inwards investment. The inward investors being more competitive than the domestic companies would render the local companies uncompetitive in terms of quality of products, price and in marketing strategies. For the above consideration of the analysis, I would choose the combined strategy the main reason for choosing this particular mode is because, with proper policy formulation and enactment for both internal and external investor companies, there are high chances of mutual benefits. Technology advancement, financial investment availability leading to higher production of the products would enhance the general growth of the economy of the country. Activity 5:- (Bulmer-Thomas, 1992, Leistritz, 1991): the GDEAD’s members are supposed to come up with policies which would enable low cost in the supply chains. These policies includes:- The policy of strategic vision and concrete actions in cooperating in the supply of the material and the distribution of the products to all parts on the country Reduction of taxes in the products produced locally the investors Development of local infrastructures that will enhance logistics from one area to another Recruitment and training of human resources to enable smooth distribution of the products Policies to enable persuasion of U. S multinationals in financing, marketing and R&D in Gwlad The GDEAD must come with policy that allows globalization of market in Gwlad The team should use merger systems of the a few industries so that they begin venturing in to the same market in which the multinationals are operating to break monopoly of the U. S automotive companies. The team should advocate for new methods of technology in information and communication to enhance global advertising both from local and multinational companies. Activity 6:- (Dewhurst, 1991) Pros of the EU are that the EU members have several methods in which its negotiations and terms are based. First, the EU group has strong negotiating power than any other union. This means that the pooling together of efforts in the negotiating process makes the members to have great influence in international trade. Its members are said to be first in the leading in foreign direct investment. The united stated are depicted as the second while they remain the first for foreign investment. While the EU operations are undertaken within the 130 countries, it commands a relative open economy that accounts over 14% of the international trade of its gross domestic products. In comparison with the United States gross domestic products, it commands of 12%. It implies that the EU association with the Gwlads is of more advantageous than joining any other of the above state. (Bull, 1995) I would make arrangements of integration type in joining EU for the Gwlad. This because the EU integration would protect the local first and then from the integration the other collaborating states would have an influence in Gwlad in political, security, technology and other areas in which economic issues are connected. He Gwlad would be changed in its institutions through the established rules and regulations of the EU integration that sets the culture and philosophical basis of government as well as other authoritative bodies which could change economic Institutions. However, free trade would definitely bring in unfair competitions to the locals industries and communities leading to the poorly performing ones. (Dewhurst, 1991) Activity7:- (Grady, 1989) The clusters economic development established in this region is not of best nature. Locating an economic zone far 100km from each other is like creation of monopoly of the various institutions established. Secondly, the interaction of the various institutions when they are far from one and yet they are no quicker means of communication implies less information transfers/ ineffectiveness or delay actions would be frequent. This implies especial in the health, bioscience, financial services/ products and professional services. Similar disadvantages would exist in creative, automotive and aerospace zone. However, the distance would be of advantage to automotive and aerospace in advancing the technological world as this would be determined by increased needs to travel from one zone to another. In organizing the above sectors, I will use different policy as they all differ in the application of creating and reduction economic growth. While the bioscience and the health sectors are there for the purpose of ensuring fitness of the community, the automotives and aerospace are established for saving time in production. Thus health and bioscience would policies towards health facilities and proper nutrition while the latter two would venture policy on technology of speedy safer means. Activity8:- (Grady, 1989, Brace, 1993) Costs and benefits of meeting the demands of the aerospace industry The costs of the meeting the demands of the aerospace industry involves the productions costs. This would require importation of new materials for the manufacture of the aerospace device. Second is the maintenance cost, which will be cut through the use of the correct quality materials. Thirdly is the training cost which will be an essence in having potential skilled human resources and engineers who work on the technological manufacture of the aero plane as well As maintaining them. Finally, the country would have to invest in R &D that would enhance development of modern aerospace using the most advanced technologies than any other competing companies Suggested policy to GDEAD: (Hunter, 1999, Walsh, 1996) The GDEAD should come u p with a policy for which given the current financial situation, it would be able to meet the same demands, but through institution establishment and collaboration with the industry, it would support them in the research work. Reference: Brace, P. (1993). State government and economic performance: Johns Bull, A. (1995): The economics of travel and tourism: Longman. Bulmer-Thomas, V. (1992): Input-output analysis in developing countries: Wiley Dewhurst, J. (1991): Regional input-output modeling / new development and interpretation: Avebury Grady, D. (1989): Governors and economic development policy: vol. 17, pp 870-84 Hewings, G. (1995): Regional input-output analysis, Beverly Hills: Sage Publications Hopkins University Press Hunter, K. (1999): Interest groups and state economic development policies: Praeger Publishers Isard, W. (1985): Introduction to regional science: Prentice Hall. Leistritz, F. (1991): The socioeconomic impact of resource development: Westview Press. Meier, G. (2004): Leading issues in economic development. Oxford Peterson, W. (2001): technology, planning, and Development: Oxford University Press. Pleeter, Saul (1990). Economic impact analysis: Boston: Maritinus Nijhoff Publishing Trogen, P. (1999): Which economic development policies work: retrieved from http:// University Press Walsh, R. (1996): Recreation economic decisions: Venture Publishing, Inc www. spaef. com, on 1st December 2008

International Staffing Policies Essay

Ethnocentric is a staffing policy that is used in companies that has primarily international strategic orientation. This policy is generally adopted by headquarters by sending employees from the home or parent countries to the host country. This approach is used best in some situations such as, a team is sent from the home country to help setting up a new plant as well as train subsidiary personnel to use new system. The benefit of having staffs from home country abroad is that employees may gain experiences worldwide in order to become higher level in management of their headquarters because international managers require broad perspective and international exposure. For the example of Ethnocentric policies have McDonald’s. McDonald’s follows the ethnocentric orientation model. This requires an American management culture in all world’s areas inside and outside the company (HRM, production method, training, motivation†¦) McDonald’s has created it own world center for training: The â€Å"Hamburger University†. Headquartered in Oak Brook, Illinois (USA). It offers training programs exclusively for McDonald’s employees. These staff, coming from over 119 countries, represents the â€Å"McFamily†. The training program of the â€Å"Hamburger University† aims to develop the McDonald’s staff at all levels of the organization. it also aims to train people for a long career at McDonald’s, as the policy is based on long-term career’s concept and strong possibilities of change and development within the group. It promises simple teammate to move up the ranks quickly. This is a crucial point for McDonald’s HRM’s communication. I n Europe and in spite of cultural diversity, this model demonstrates its large success. Polycentric is the policy involved hiring and promoting employees who are citizens of the host countries that the subsidiary is operated. This policy is best used when companies want to keep hiring cost low. Moreover, employees who are hired at subsidiary level would not have any problem adapting to the culture. Communication is smooth within the operation. For the example of Polycentric policy: Starbucks Through a flat and flexible structure, Starbucks empowers employees to make decisions without management referral and are encouraged to consider themselves as a part of the business. This point is issued by company’s corporate culture and such work environment has positive ripples on employees’ motivation. This principle increases the involvement and the commitment of each employees from subsidiaries and makes them feel necessary for the company. This high level of autonomy allows workers to be more innovative and to take more initiatives. Thanks to its structure and to the empowerment of its employees, the company has managed to facilitate the exchange and the transversal communication, which allows it to react rapidly to the customers’ needs or to cope with more effectively with problems. Starbucks CEO and the board of directors wanted the mission statement to convey a strong sense of organizational purpose and to articulate the company’s fundamental beliefs and guiding principles. They also pay attention to employees’ and customers’ concerns to make the mission statement evolve. Indeed, these mission statements are based on several principles that consider the interests of customers, communities, employees, shareholders, and ecological considerations in all aspects of their operations. Geocentric staffing approach is used when companies adopt a transnational orientation. It is best used when companies need the best personnel to work at subsidiary. Employees are selected regardless where they come from. This staffing strategy is reliable for all subsidiaries because best employees are selected and sent from the company’s worldwide network. For the example of Geocentric staffing have: Volkswagen The challenge of this joint venture was in harmonizing the Czech culture with the Volkswagen’s (VW) culture. The formation of the new corporate culture has gone through three stages: To install this VW culture in the Czech plant, policy measures varied. For example, information was disseminated concerning the activities in all sections of the company, including in the head office, training was implemented at VW and VW were assigned to the VW factory in the Czech Republic to spread the to VW company philosophy. The main problem centered on the difference between the socialist mind set and the VW culture. To resolve the problem, key positions were entrusted to employees from VW, trained in the dual system. The creation of a uniform corporate culture in a multicultural environment is a very important strategic task. The solution was to link the different work attitudes with different business structures for a new unit to be reborn. Then, all participants would be satisfied. Staffing Approach Strategic Appropriateness Advantages Disadvantages Ethnocentric International Overcomes lack of qualified managers in host nation Unified Culture Helps transfer core competencies Produces resentment in host country Can lead to cultural myopia Polycentric Multidomestic Aleviates cultural myopia Inexpensive to implement Limits career mobility Isolates headquarters from foreign subsidiaries Geocentric Global and translational Uses human resources efficiently Helps build strong cultre and informal management network Expensive

An investigation into the effect of chunking on recall Essays

An investigation into the effect of chunking on recall Essays An investigation into the effect of chunking on recall Essay An investigation into the effect of chunking on recall Essay I chose the experimental method because this brings advantages like I can control most of my variables but not all. Some controlled variables which I have are that each participant gets the same instructions, each person gets the same amount of time this is to keep the experiment as fair as possible.Some variables that I will not be able to control are things like the time of day I ask each person because I got to see when I have some spare time to do so, I will proberly not be able to make sure each person is under the same surroundings again due to time and this could affect my results because people mite not be at there best at a certain time of day. Participants My experiment is aimed at 16yr olds students of a mixed gender.They were selected through the opportunity sampling method because they were situated in the same room as my self and are all from the same college QE. Materials I used equipment such as a stopwatch to time each individual to make sure each one had the exact same time, I provided a pen and a sheet of paper for everyone who took part in my experiment. I chose my list of abbreviations by thinking of a topic like TV and than I thought about all the channels and there abbreviations but all had to be 3 letters each.Procedure The first thing I did after I had chosen what experiment I was going to do was think of a list abbreviations that had to be 3 letters each and altogether had to be 24 letters. I than made simple instructions for the participants to follow and printed it out. Later on I went into the canteen around 11am and asked people if they would take part in my experiment, I told them that they did not have to take part against there will and could withdraw at anytime during the experiment but also reassured them that all there information would be kept confidential.I gave each participant 1min to have a look at the letters, letter string or chunked list and than recorded the results on a rough sheet of paper. After I had gathered up all the info I started writing up my experiment. Discussion My results show that my prediction was correct and that more people remembered the letters from the chunked list than the letter string also that Millers theory was correct that if we chunk information and give them a meaning we are more likely to remember more than 7 things in our STM so my results agree with Millers theory.If I could make any modifications it would be that I would ask participants at the same time of day rather than at different times because this could affect the results because participants mite not be at there best at a certain time of day or mite jus be having a bad day altogether. Another thing I would change is that I would use only students who do not do psychology because people who do psychology mite now whats going on and may have already done the experiment before so this could affect the results if they know the theory behind the experiment.Criticism with my experiment is the location because the canteen was to noisy, I would like it be in a quite room were I could ask all the participants at the same time of day on the same day so it would be as fair as possible. If I was able to make these changes this may have affected my results because people may have remembered more letters in each situation and this may have even affected my hypothesis. Again the confounding variables were the noise, location, people may not have been at there best at that time of day and other general distractions occur in the canteen .Ethical issued were that I never forced anyone into participating and always gave them the option of withdrawing anytime during the experiment but also told them that all information would be kept confidential. Further work from this experiment is that I could use it to revise for final exams as it has lots of vital information. Results My results show that my prediction was correct and that chunking information increases capacity in your STM and also that Millers theory was correct

Hipsters Campus

Hipsters Campus Origin of Hipsterism The term â€Å"hipsters† commonly refer to a subculture of men and women in their 20’s and 30’s, living in urban areas that value and promote independent thinking, progressive politics, and enjoy things (clothing, music, food, activities, etc) not commonly found in the social mainstream. Hipsterism according to literature is a state of mind. Most hipsters are well educated, creative, and individuals who reject traditional attitudes, concepts, and norms. They often prefer to work in creative industries such as music, art, and fashion. Famous Hollywood actors Johnny Depp and James Franco including singer Miley Cyrus are hipsters. The origin of Hipster subculture can be traced back in the 1940s when the English word â€Å"hip† was first used as an equivalent to â€Å"hepcat†, a stylish and progressive young person well aware of the latest trend in music and fashion. In the 1950s, hipsters were called â€Å"beatnik† or â€Å"hippie†, a person with strong sense of alienation from a traditional social norm. Study of African-American slang traces the origins of hip in Wolof (a language of slaves from Senegal and coastal Gambia in the 1700s) verb â€Å"hippie† or â€Å"to open one’s eye†. The hipster subculture of the 1940s evolved from a group bored of mainstream routines and societal norms into trendy jazz lovers focusing on creating bonds with those of the same class and backgrounds through music. Today, although sharing a similar interest in music and bored of mainstream culture, modern hipsters are not necessarily members of the lower class, more independent, purposeful, and specific in the way they think, and determined to maintain the hip regardless of socio-economic status. They are more interested in fashion and appearance than ideology and societal issues. They express rejection of mainstream norms through clothing such as wearing an ironical expensive T-shirt made to look worn and ragged. Want to know more? Go here: Is High IQ a Guarantee of Academic Success? Leave a Message Relieving Students School-Related Stress Bright Sides of Academic Intellectuals We Call Nerds What Education Do You Need to Become a Master Chef? The Hipsters’ Campus Colleges and universities are â€Å"hotbeds† of hip seeking to practice and promote their diverse perspectives, ideas, and cultures. These hipsters commonly wear skinny jeans and fashionable clothes, outdoor oriented (skiers and snowboarders), liberal in their views, and vocal about their advocacy. Some college faculties are also hipsters in their trendy clothes, a liberal approach in teaching, and advocating eccentric academic practices. A hipsters’ campus appears one that is located in easily accessible areas, having a reputable or multi-awarded campus radio stations, offering liberal and fine arts, and practically surrounded by a number of thrift stores and boutiques. Hipsters interest in liberal and fine arts according to a Forbes magazine article created an imbalance in the American economy due to under-employment and lack of college graduates with math and science related degrees. For instance, since over ninety thousand Americans (mostly hipsters) graduate college with art degrees each year, the American workforce is dominated by artists rather planners, engineers, technicians, and others who can construct and operate machinery to boost economic performance and growth. In other words, America needs more nerds and fewer hipsters to ensure economic growth or â€Å"Up with scientist! Down with artists.† In order to the so-called â€Å"Epidemic of Hipsters†, the American government according to this article will be providing college loans, scholarships, and grants to students in fields with significant spillovers such as engineering and computer science. Unfortunately, application of hipsters majoring in dance, sociology, and English will be ignored.

Roman-like about Romanesque architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Roman-like about Romanesque architecture - Essay Example Medieval Christian basilicas incorporated many new inventions, however, including â€Å"the outstanding engineering achievement of the stone vault† (Stalley: 1999, p. 130). The Romans and early Christian architects had managed to construct groin and barrel vaulting, but they were usually very small. They had used wood to cover the vast basilica spaces. Romanesque masons worked out techniques to apply this feature to huge stone buildings. Romanesque vaults were made of â€Å"rubble or roughly dressed masonry, which called for a liberal supply of mortar.† (Stalley, 1999, p. 130) This material was both thick and heavy, and was held together by compression. The forces involved in this caused the walls to buckle, and so builders had to make the walls very thick and strong, and support them with the use of external buttresses. In Italy there was a tendency to construct basilicas with a lot of columns, largely due to the availability of antique Roman columns (Clapham: 1946, p. 30). Better engineering techniques allowed the addition of windows in areas not subject to stress, and in Germany the basic basilica form was enhanced with, arches, side rooms, and towers and turrets as well to accommodate various kinds of smaller scale Christian activity alongside the massive public space for high festivals.

Network Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Network Security - Research Paper Example As the paper highlights network security guarantees authentication, availability, integrity and confidentiality is important to note that â€Å"network security is not absolute†. Network security should be perceived as a continuum that moves from very unsecure to very secure which makes it possible for organizations to rank their network security based on comparison with other security systems to determine whether is secure or less secure. The security level of any network also depends on the organizational needs where some might deem information highly valuable therefore requiring that only authorized users gain access while others would allow outsiders to access information but ensure protection against attempts to modify the available information. At the same time there are organizations that demand all the organizational information on computers and networks remain private by instituting authentication for both the sender and receiver of such information. The extent to whi ch organizational network security ensures protection will therefore depend on the security policy adopted as it is what will determine the type of access required.As the discussion stresses  technology used in development of a secure network depends on three models that include obscurity, perimeter defence, and defence in depth approach. For security by obscurity, network security depends on the ability of the system in place to keep the network undetected by unauthorized persons.

Stress Management in Law Enforcement Research Paper

Stress Management in Law Enforcement - Research Paper Example Objective The Objective of this paper is to look into the importance of stress management in the law enforcement organizations and focus on the implementation techniques by the law enforcement agencies in contrast to the private organizations for managing this menace for their employees’ performance. Methodology Stress Management is quite generic topic which is wide spread over various professions. There is no profession or social activity in which stress is not produced. However there is an interaction among the people and there is a thinking capability of each person that distinguishes one from another, stress is there. Thus in order to approach the purpose of this paper, secondary research data is prominently used. There is a good material available online which needed to be carefully read and understood to extract the findings behind the main topic. Stress Management in law enforcement is interesting in the terms it has grown more important as the criminal activities around the globe are increasing nod thus more accountability surrounds the law enforcement personnel and police officers causing a state of mental stress. In order to find out the implementation activities by law enforcement agencies in order to train their staff to effectively cope up with the stress produced in their daily routine or in the cases of unpredictable incidents is studied through the journals and articles on this topic. As per Law Enforcement Stress Program, topics like anger management, self confidence, self esteem, performance stress; accountability handling and relationship building envelope the overall topic of stress management in law enforcement for which perception based strategies as well as action based strategies are employed. What is Stress? In any field, wherever there is a person to person contact, conflicts are the natural things to happen. People are reluctant to accept other’s opinions and the fact that every person is independent and different in terms of the perspective, he looks towards an issue creates conflicts. These conflicts are the primary reason of mental distress that we refer as stress. Stress keeps the person buy in unwanted distress of mental state and therefore it affects the capability of a person to focus or even think about a particular task. This advisedly affects the performance of a person in any activity he performs. This is also important to note that stress is not just an instantaneous state of the mind. Rather a mind can undergo stress that can affect the mental power and capability to focus for the lifetime. The state of stress keeps a person thinking about some particular issue with no direction and sometime even nothing is under focus but even then the mind is under stress. Mental stress does affect and propagates itself into physical stress too. Hence, a person under stress condition is unable to perform his or her tasks with a value addition input. There are various indications of persons who are under stress. However, these indications may differ from one person to another and also depend upon factors such as internal or external conditions. Some of these internal conditions are psychological pressure, cut-throat competition and incompetency issues. External conditions may be in the form of stressful conversation s with colleagues, bosses,

Londons urban transport from the Victorian era

Londons urban transport from the Victorian era Over the past 200 years the geography of London has changed dramatically. No better has this change been reflected than in Londons urban transport systems. The Victorian era saw mass migration to the capital as industrial progress both at home and abroad, and by 1800 London was the grandest city in the West and probably the world, with almost a million inhabitants. By 1881 the population has soared to 4.5 million and by 1911 to over 7 million [Porter 1994, pp 220]. To deal with these patterns of population growth London has seen large changes within its urban transport systems, on both land and water, and some have even attributed the growth of London itself to increased migration promoted by changes to public transport [Roberts, 1996 pp 322]. London is a scattered city, its past not attributed to coherent Government led development (as with other global cities such as New York or Paris). Instead, the most significant technical development which affected the size and functioning of London was the development of mass public transport, which was dictated not only by technological advances, but also the ways in which firms invested in the new forms of conveyance and competed with each other and alternative forms of travel [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 227]. When looking at urban transport, it is important to consider that, during the 19th Century the most common form of travel remained on foot. A traffic survey of the city in 1854 showed that almost 70 per cent of people travelling in and out of the City daily were doing so on foot. Even as late as 1897, when extensive public transport systems had been developed, less than a quarter of South London trade unionists were regular users of these systems as prices remained fairly high for other forms of commuter transport [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 228]. In a scattered and geographically condensed city (in 1825 the built up area of London still only stretched for four miles north to south and six miles east to west) it remained the best way to get quickly and efficiently from a to b. As today, traffic congestion was a problem for London during the Victorian era, and walking was often the most rapid form of travel. Pedestrian travel was also aided by new technologies that improved road safety for those travelling on foot. Road conditions began to show improvements (with drainage improved), street lighting was introduced through the 1830s, and the extension of the police force made travelling alone safer. The development of Londons road systems throughout the century also reduced journey times [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 229]. Changes in Water Transport: At the start of the Victorian era, the River Thames provided a faster and often more desirable way to travel across the city with Watermen offering to taxi people in small rowing boats known as wherries. The development of paddle steamers would displace these wherries, and by 1850 they were carrying several million passengers a year. These steamboats began offering services down the River Thames in 1815, unburdened by mileage duty and able to carry hundreds of passengers at a time in 1830 a regular service operated between London and Gravesend, Woolwich and Richmond [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 234]. Despite this, they remained unable to operate in bad light or weather, difficult and dangerous to board and leave and were involved in regular collisions. Water transport thrived during this time, dependent on the influence of the powerful river-using industries, which had restricted river bridges. During the early part of the 19th Century, however, their influence began to decrease, and new bridge crossings were. Vauxhall (1816), Waterloo (1817), Southwark (1819) and London (1824-31) all reduced the need for river transport on a commuter level, and also stimulated further road constru ctions south of the river through the latter half of the century [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 229]. By 1890, the development of the road and railway networks had all but decimated the steamboat trade. The Horse and Carriage The Horse and Carriage as a means of transport was indelible throughout the Victorian era, and despite growing congestion throughout the 19th Century (along with the escalating costs of keeping and feeding horses in London) there were still 23,000 private carriages travelling through the city in 1891 [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 229]. Road network developments and improvements were implemented throughout the Victorian era, all of which had to take into account the very particular needs of horse and carriage transport. The avoidance of steep gradients and limitations in the manoeuvrability of the carriages may have contributed to the levels of congestion seen throughout London throughout the Victorian era, and perhaps even up to today (with the maintenance of many of the road networks from the past century). This reliance on forms of horse drawn transport, not only encouraged walking in the lower classes (who couldnt afford the maintenance of a horse and carriage), but was also perhaps responsible for maintaining the compactness of London and restraining the outward movement of industry. Though gradually replaced by other means of public transport up to the First World War, the horse and carriage has remained the dominant means of road transport for a very long time. The upper classes had their own carriages, hackney carriages The rich had their own carriages, hackneys were available, and hansom cabs were introduced in 1834. Some got to work by short-stage coaches (four or six passengers inside and a handful outside). Horse and Carriage also remained the main form of transport in the movement of good around London (on the eve of the First World War most of Londons good vechicles were still horse drawn) [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 229]. The Omnibus and Commuter Transport One thing that has defined patterns of social change within a transport context in London over the past two centuries has been the establishment and growth of the commuter and associated public transport. The very term commuter came into being during the 1850s as more and more people were able to travel to work from greater distances, and the average Londoners journeys on public transport increased from 20 in the late 1860s to almost 140 in 1902 [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 230]. In the early 18th Century, short-distance stagecoaches, known as short-stagers appeared throughout Londons streets. These coaches carried four to six passengers inside and up to seven outside on the roof, and were used to provide regular services from the centre of London to the outskirts. This means of transport was introduced to serve the better-off when they moved out to the then desirable suburbs. By 1825, stagers had become commonplace, with probably around 600 such vehicles making around 1,800 journey s a day [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 233]. These most popular of these coaches was the Hackney Carriage, which had a monopoly on the central areas of London up to 1832. Another idea developing at the time was the idea of the omnibus, which many believe single handed began the commuter revolution. The service was first established in July 1829 by George Shillibeer, running from the Stingo public house, Paddington, to the Bank, along to the New Road. Shillibeers omnibuses were long three-horse vehicles with benches for twenty passengers [Porter 1994, pp 237]. The idea was to increase the numbers of passengers that were able to travel by stage-coach, thus lowering the fares for the daily commuter. Because of the Hackney carriage monopoly of the central areas of London, however, the venture failed by 1831. This stimulated the Stage Carriages Act of 1832 which allowed the omnibuses and all other types of vehicle into the central areas, freely plying the streets for trade. The Stage Carriages Act also stimulated the advent of the omnibus back into the world of commuter travel as they could now access the central areas. The cheaper fares (they were nearly half the price of the Hackney Carriages) and their increased speed made them more convenient for the middle class commuter. There were also considerable negative impacts associated with the development of Londons public transport during this period. A paradox quickly arose as thousands of extra vehicles took to the streets improving public transport, whilst simultaneously exacerbating congestion issues in the city. It should also be noted that despite this rise in use of these services, the fares of public transport remained fairly high and prohibitive for most working-class people until the introduction of subsidised services towards the end of the century [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 228]. As a result of this, combined with the service hours (they generally ran from eight in the morning when the majority of the working class workers were in work), the service remained, like the stagers before them, a largely middle class service. They proved effective, however, in permitting suburban living among tradesmen and clerks, and gave the inner suburbs a crucial boost during the 1830s and 1840s [Porter 1994, pp 240]. The success of the omnibus continued and was encouraged by low taxation (taxes on public transport were cut by up to a half in 1839) and competition and 1851, the year of the great exhibition, omnibuses carried around 20,000 passengers daily [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 236]. The closure of this however brought rapid growth to an end and fares plummeted as many firms went bankrupt. One success story however was the London General Omnibus Company, which, by 1900 owned nearly half of the 3,000 horse-drawn buses and trams, carrying some 500 million passengers a year [Porter 1994, pp 240] stimulated by rising incomes and a suburban migration during the late 1800s. The loss of monopoly during the 1832 Act had also led to a doubling of the number of hackneys and investment in new equipment and innovations, with the hansom cab eventually becoming the norm [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 234]. Eventually competition from other means of transport put an end to the days of horse drawn public tr ansport with the last known service in 1914. Railways The great material transformations of the 1800s, combined with the physical and social geographies of the city led to a major transformation in the railways of London. From the 1830s the cuttings ploughed into the northern suburban areas on their routes into Euston, then Kings Cross and St Pancreas [Porter 1994, pp 230]. These developments reinforced east/west social divides, devastating some areas while bettering others, however Londons traffic problems were becoming ominous, as a result of the vast increase of traffic and the absence of any policy. For these reasons, the coming of rail transport, overground and underground was critical in keeping the metropolis moving and in permitting the city to expand. But if the railways brought benefits these were purchased at a high cost. The downwards shift of some of these neighbourhoods is mainly attributable to later railway building that destroyed many inner-urban neighbourhood environments and made it possible for their more prosperous residents to move further out [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 233]. Underground Road Improvements In 1800 Londons road infrastructure was generally main thoroughfares running from east to west above the River Thames. These were often narrow, poorly maintained and blocked by street markets and other local activity, and little inner city road improvement was undertaken before the Commercial Road development in 1810 which sped transport to the dockland areas [Porter, 1994, pp 235], which seemed to stimulate a spurt of road networks. Major developments in the central area included Regent Street (1817-23) and Moorgate, cutting north-south thoroughfares through the traditional east- west pattern, and the major trunk routes constructed to the north of the built-up area including New North Road (1812), Archway Road (1813), Caledonian Road (1826) and Finchley Road (1826-35) [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 231]. There were also a number of new river crossings introduced during this period including Vauxhall (1816), Waterloo (1817), Southwark (1819) and London (1824-31). This period also saw road conditions beginning to be improved via increased expenditure on widening, paving and drainage, and on new routes [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 240]. Cycling Cars and Buses As previously discussed, the horse and carriage remained the dominant form of road transport throughout the Victorian era. Despite the many drawbacks of motorised transport, it has been rightly quipped that the invention of the motor car saved large cities in the nick of time from being engulfed in mountains of horse dung [Ball and Sunderland, 2001 pp 229]. Hackney motor cabs were first introduced in 1903 and proved immensely popular, particularly after the 1907 introduction of the taximeter. Ball pp 233. The growth of the bus use amongst the middle classes preceded the major change in motive power, from the horse to the petrol engine and the emergence of underground and electrified tram services and it was the petrol-driven motor buses that were to revolutionise public transport from their first introduction in 1899. The first bus service was operated by Motor Traction Co, who, for a short while ran two double-deckers between Kensington and Victoria. Cumberson, uncomfortable and generally unreliable they were initially unsuccessful. However, their advantages quickly became apparent they had greater carrying capacity than their horse-driven counterparts and travelled at somewhat higher speeds (though these were restricted by legislation), enabling routes to be longer. Running costs were lower and less variable and their success encouraged further investment in 1905 with the establishment of the London Motor Omnibus Company and Vanguard [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 239]. In the 1900s competition grew (from 1906 to 1907 the number of buses nearly quadrupled from 242 to 808) and many services saw a period of consolidation as congestion grew. New regulations lead to the development of the B-type bus in 1910 and by 1914 the public had taken the new motorised bus to heart with 757 million passengers. Today cities are designed on the premise of the car, on an autologic which underlines policy and planning in large parts of the world [Brudett, 2008]. Overview of Victorian Era: After centuries that had brought little alteration in ways of getting about, the Victorians created a transport revolution that changed not just the face of the town but the status map of the metropolis [Porter 1994, pp 235].

The Important Role of Transcendentalism in American History Essay

The Important Role of Transcendentalism in American History In 1830, a movement known as Transcendentalism began to gain popularity in America. Representing an idealistic system of thought, "strength, courage, self-confidence, and independence of mind"1 were some basic values admired by the followers of the Transcendental movement. Transcendentalists opposed many aspects of their government, where they felt "many unjust laws existed."2 Therefore, they became the leaders of many modern reform movements. Transcendentalists also had a major affect on their society. Transcendentalism became a "powerful force for democracy."3 Originating in the area in and around Concord, Massachusettes, Transcendentalism was recognized as having an "underlying relationship to the Romantic movement as a whole."4 Three of the most obvious or well known sources or origin of Transcendentalism are neo-platonism, German idealistic philosophy, and certain Eastern mystical writings which were introduced into the Boston area in the early nineteenth century."5 Transcendental beliefs focused on "the importance of spirit over matter."6 Ralph Waldo Emerson, a well known Transcendentalist, felt that "all men aspire to the highest, and most of them spend their lives seeking money and power only because they see nothing higher."7 Followers also believed in a spiritual hunger, or the need to find themselves one with the world. In addition, they believed in "an ascending hierarchy of spiritual values rising to absolute good, truth, and beauty."8 Transcendentalists also believed in a supreme being, the Oversoul, and felt that "if the Oversoul is all powerful and at the same time good, then evil does not exist."9... ...reconciled few of them."19 It was never united by a set program. Transcendentalism was comprised of the various interests and labors of many different personal concepts. Therefore, there were many conflicting values which made it an unsteady system to follow. At the time of the Transcendentalism movement, "it preached, practiced, an idealism that was greatly needed in a rapidly expanding economy."20 However, soon people began to find other, more comprehensible means of dealing within society. Therefore, they began to turn away from Transcendentalism. However, even though Transcendentalism is non-existent as a whole today, many of its ideas, values, and morals are still present in many of the religions and beliefs of today's society. In conclusion, Transcendentalism will always be present in the world, it just will not have as obvious a presence.

Essay about Mandates and Federalism Essay

Over the last twenty-five years, federalism has transformed due to the increase in federal mandates on state and local governments. Federalism refers to a political system in which there are local units of government, as well as a national government, that can make final decisions with respect to at least some governmental activities, and whose existence is protected. When the Framers devised this political system their goal was to protect personal liberty and create a separation of powers. Over the years, federalism’s goal of decentralization evolved giving states more leeway. Mandates, however, have in a way, increased federal power, imposing requirements and/or conditions for obtaining federal grants. These mandates provided federal restrictions on states’ economic actions and have served the former purpose of protecting personal liberties because they usually concern civil rights and environmental protection. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, for example, shows how federalism has changed and how mandates have augmented the regulation of state and local governments’ actions. Mandates created a new form of a â€Å"check† on state governmental activities. Mandates increased federal supremacy because they were mandatory. They take the form of regulatory statutes. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, for instance, required that businesses and state and local governments provide the disabled with equal access to services, transportation systems, employment, and buildings. In enacting this mandate, the federal government’s objective was to create equality and regulate what the states did with federal funds by imposing costs. State or local governments may not discriminate against qualified individuals with disabilities. All government facilities, services, and communications must be accessible consistent with the requirements of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Individuals may file complaints with federal agencies to be designated by the U.S. Attorney General or bring private lawsuits. The ADA helped to change federalism because it had a great impact on state and local government budget priorities. Because the Americans with Disabilities Act did not specify what it’s definition of equal access was, the states had no idea as to what this mandate would cost. It provided no outline for how the mandate was to be administered, nor did it provide dependable estimates on  how much it could possibly cost to employ. The mandates provided the disabled with equality, preventing discrimination, at a fairly high cost. Since the states were not certain about the definition of equal access, they had to facilitate services, building equipment on buses, ramps in buildings etc. There’s no doubt that mandates have an impact on state and local budget priorities. By trying to meet the terms of the ADA, states had to shift their attention from other projects, which were perhaps more important (maybe because of the low number of disabled in the area). State governments had to make mandates a priority because they were federal â€Å"commands† that had to be obeyed. Thus, mandates not only increased involvement between the states and the federal government (federal-state relations), but they also nationalized the government more. Mandates allowed the states to spend with respect to important matters. States obey the mandates and by doing so they create legislation that benefits the people. By having mandates, the federal government prevents the states from misspending federal money. The potential consequences of removing the Americans with Disabilities Act would have great effects on federalism. If the mandate were removed, the federal government wouldn’t have as much power to control how federal money was spent. States wouldn’t be pressured into passing legislation that benefit a certain group. In addition, those who benefited from the mandate, the disabled, would not be treated equally since there would no longer be handicap access in public places. The removal of mandates affects the federal-state relations in that it decentralizes the government more and diminishes whatever authority the federal government has over the state government. Federalism has in fact changed over the past twenty-five years. It has become more complex, creating things like mandates, which control state actions. Mandates changed federalism, perhaps for the better. Because of the federal demands, states and federal government had to work together in order to protect certain rights and meet the needs of the people. Public policies became more nationalized as a result of mandates. They had an impact on the devolution revolution, which for some time had shifted responsibilities to the states , giving them more power and involvement in policies. However,  with mandates, the power was shifted back the federal government, the supreme. Bibliography Wilson American Government http://www.icanonline.net/news/fullpage.cfm/articleid/6CAEB15E-3A1A-4743-8BCCD55D82731B98/cx/issues.stay_informed/article.cfm

Personal Narrative Example Essay

You can call it following in footsteps or walking the same path, but I don’t see it like that. My grandmother calls her daughter, mother calls her sister, and I call her Aunty. She has always been my figure to look up to. She has inspired me to be the person who I truly want to be. My Aunt Marie is a strong, beautiful, and successful woman who, in spite of her work, has always been there for me when it counts in my life. I want to not only follow in her line of work, but I want to have her strength, love, and poise during everything. She is my hero, my guiding light, a woman who has taught me to stay true to myself and become the person I want to be. A conversation, one I fondly remember happened during an evening out to dinner. We had gone to this big burger place; it was one of my brother’s favorite places to eat out. It was just my middle brother, Christopher, me, and my aunt. Of course my brother ordered the biggest burger on the menu, his reasoning, â€Å"A manly man needs a manly burger.† We ladies, on the other hand, ordered a salad. Our topic for discussion was what we planned to do for our future. In my family I have always been the black sheep when it came to what my future entitled. Both of my brothers already knew what their plans were; Stephen is going into electronics and Christopher is becoming a machinist. I, on the other hand, had no clue what I wanted. Sure I had a general idea; something in the medical field, psychologist or something in law. So not very narrow, but at least an idea. At this time I hated this line of discussion. My brothers could say something, but I had nothing. I feel now this was the case since I wanted to make sure the career I chose would be one I enjoyed to work in. Without knowing from this night my aunt would teach me a valuable lesson. This was the first night I told her I was contemplating joining the Army. Out of all people, I suppose it was she I expected the acceptance from. My Aunt joined the Army at just 17 years old and became an MP. My Aunt explained to me how the military is a whole different ball field today than it was when she joined. Do not get me wrong, it is not like she put me down hard and gave me a, â€Å"what the hell would you do that for† response. I was given the best response instead. She proceeded to tell me how the military needs to be a choice I made for myself; that it was a choice I truly needed to be sure about. She also told me if this turned out to be something I wanted to do and it had to be for myself, that she would have some of her agents who work for her talk to me. Each would be from a different branch of the military, and they would explain each one to me so when I chose I would know fully what I was getting into. She wants to make sure my head is on straight before I sign any papers. It makes sense; once papers are signed you are committed for the duration of enlistment. I just hope she knows that I am not doing it because I think she wants me to, but rather I feel it will benefit me for my career choice. As I write this now, it has been four years since this conversation and I have had plenty of time now to think of my future. I can say though that it has not been until the past four months that I have actually figured out what I want to do with my life. I want to do something in Law enforcement; a career, that at the end of, I had made some sort of difference in another personâ⠂¬â„¢s life. That was the main thing for me when I was thinking of my future; I knew whatever I chose to do I wanted it to make a difference. I believe my choice in law enforcement certainly comes from her. I have always had an interest because of being surrounded by it all my life. When we were little I went to work with her and with my brother, Christopher; she showed us all the gadgets her agents used and I was intrigued. As I remember this dinner, I remember her explaining to me how my life is mine; I cannot mimic someone else’s. She told me I needed to explore my options and figure out what I truly want; take in consideration not only the job, but the life it would give to you. I remember her also saying, â€Å"It is not all about the money, sure you should be financially sound, but life is not all about having a lot of money.† These are words to live by in my point of view. So many people today are caught up in the aspect of making so much money they forget what they truly hav e. I want to live my life and be grateful for the little things while still making sure I can financially support myself so I am at least comfortable. I want a life to be proud of. The first step to this, I believe, is college. As a senior now, this has been the fous of our year. I have been so grateful for recently being accepted into my number one, top choice, college. The University of New Haven, on November 18th, 2012 the college sent me its congratulations on being accepted into the college for the fall 2013 semester. I want to go here for the Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic science. I hope to major in Law Enforcement with a minor in Psychology or Sociology. My Aunt gave me the encouragement to push myself through high school so I can have the future I want. She showed me how anyone can become what she wants if they truly want it. She came from a farm house out in the boonies, into the Army at 17, and now is a renowned member at the DEA office in Washington D.C. She travels the world for her job. Her future is set; she has a 35 year pension from the military, a 401 K in place from her current job that will keep her financially sound way beyond retirement. I want this for myself, a job that will benefit me not only in the moment, but in the long run. She has taught me how when you are my age you cannot think of only right now, you have to think of your future, especially with you career and what it can provide for you in the long run. My aunt has been my role model to look up to for as long as I can remember. She has been the person who I inspire to be. She is a constant beautiful light that has always reminded me to do the right thing. On the night of that conversation I remember thinking, â€Å"Missy don’t you forget tonight, don’t you forget what she is telling you.† I will forever remember this night. Reason, it was the night she taught me the most important lesson ever; to stay true to yourself and create the life you want to live. From the man whose put them in his own words, Dr. Seuss, â€Å"Today you are you, that is truer than true. There is no one alive who is Youer than you.†