Network Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Network Security - Research Paper Example As the paper highlights network security guarantees authentication, availability, integrity and confidentiality is important to note that â€Å"network security is not absolute†. Network security should be perceived as a continuum that moves from very unsecure to very secure which makes it possible for organizations to rank their network security based on comparison with other security systems to determine whether is secure or less secure. The security level of any network also depends on the organizational needs where some might deem information highly valuable therefore requiring that only authorized users gain access while others would allow outsiders to access information but ensure protection against attempts to modify the available information. At the same time there are organizations that demand all the organizational information on computers and networks remain private by instituting authentication for both the sender and receiver of such information. The extent to whi ch organizational network security ensures protection will therefore depend on the security policy adopted as it is what will determine the type of access required.As the discussion stresses  technology used in development of a secure network depends on three models that include obscurity, perimeter defence, and defence in depth approach. For security by obscurity, network security depends on the ability of the system in place to keep the network undetected by unauthorized persons.

Stress Management in Law Enforcement Research Paper

Stress Management in Law Enforcement - Research Paper Example Objective The Objective of this paper is to look into the importance of stress management in the law enforcement organizations and focus on the implementation techniques by the law enforcement agencies in contrast to the private organizations for managing this menace for their employees’ performance. Methodology Stress Management is quite generic topic which is wide spread over various professions. There is no profession or social activity in which stress is not produced. However there is an interaction among the people and there is a thinking capability of each person that distinguishes one from another, stress is there. Thus in order to approach the purpose of this paper, secondary research data is prominently used. There is a good material available online which needed to be carefully read and understood to extract the findings behind the main topic. Stress Management in law enforcement is interesting in the terms it has grown more important as the criminal activities around the globe are increasing nod thus more accountability surrounds the law enforcement personnel and police officers causing a state of mental stress. In order to find out the implementation activities by law enforcement agencies in order to train their staff to effectively cope up with the stress produced in their daily routine or in the cases of unpredictable incidents is studied through the journals and articles on this topic. As per Law Enforcement Stress Program, topics like anger management, self confidence, self esteem, performance stress; accountability handling and relationship building envelope the overall topic of stress management in law enforcement for which perception based strategies as well as action based strategies are employed. What is Stress? In any field, wherever there is a person to person contact, conflicts are the natural things to happen. People are reluctant to accept other’s opinions and the fact that every person is independent and different in terms of the perspective, he looks towards an issue creates conflicts. These conflicts are the primary reason of mental distress that we refer as stress. Stress keeps the person buy in unwanted distress of mental state and therefore it affects the capability of a person to focus or even think about a particular task. This advisedly affects the performance of a person in any activity he performs. This is also important to note that stress is not just an instantaneous state of the mind. Rather a mind can undergo stress that can affect the mental power and capability to focus for the lifetime. The state of stress keeps a person thinking about some particular issue with no direction and sometime even nothing is under focus but even then the mind is under stress. Mental stress does affect and propagates itself into physical stress too. Hence, a person under stress condition is unable to perform his or her tasks with a value addition input. There are various indications of persons who are under stress. However, these indications may differ from one person to another and also depend upon factors such as internal or external conditions. Some of these internal conditions are psychological pressure, cut-throat competition and incompetency issues. External conditions may be in the form of stressful conversation s with colleagues, bosses,

Londons urban transport from the Victorian era

Londons urban transport from the Victorian era Over the past 200 years the geography of London has changed dramatically. No better has this change been reflected than in Londons urban transport systems. The Victorian era saw mass migration to the capital as industrial progress both at home and abroad, and by 1800 London was the grandest city in the West and probably the world, with almost a million inhabitants. By 1881 the population has soared to 4.5 million and by 1911 to over 7 million [Porter 1994, pp 220]. To deal with these patterns of population growth London has seen large changes within its urban transport systems, on both land and water, and some have even attributed the growth of London itself to increased migration promoted by changes to public transport [Roberts, 1996 pp 322]. London is a scattered city, its past not attributed to coherent Government led development (as with other global cities such as New York or Paris). Instead, the most significant technical development which affected the size and functioning of London was the development of mass public transport, which was dictated not only by technological advances, but also the ways in which firms invested in the new forms of conveyance and competed with each other and alternative forms of travel [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 227]. When looking at urban transport, it is important to consider that, during the 19th Century the most common form of travel remained on foot. A traffic survey of the city in 1854 showed that almost 70 per cent of people travelling in and out of the City daily were doing so on foot. Even as late as 1897, when extensive public transport systems had been developed, less than a quarter of South London trade unionists were regular users of these systems as prices remained fairly high for other forms of commuter transport [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 228]. In a scattered and geographically condensed city (in 1825 the built up area of London still only stretched for four miles north to south and six miles east to west) it remained the best way to get quickly and efficiently from a to b. As today, traffic congestion was a problem for London during the Victorian era, and walking was often the most rapid form of travel. Pedestrian travel was also aided by new technologies that improved road safety for those travelling on foot. Road conditions began to show improvements (with drainage improved), street lighting was introduced through the 1830s, and the extension of the police force made travelling alone safer. The development of Londons road systems throughout the century also reduced journey times [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 229]. Changes in Water Transport: At the start of the Victorian era, the River Thames provided a faster and often more desirable way to travel across the city with Watermen offering to taxi people in small rowing boats known as wherries. The development of paddle steamers would displace these wherries, and by 1850 they were carrying several million passengers a year. These steamboats began offering services down the River Thames in 1815, unburdened by mileage duty and able to carry hundreds of passengers at a time in 1830 a regular service operated between London and Gravesend, Woolwich and Richmond [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 234]. Despite this, they remained unable to operate in bad light or weather, difficult and dangerous to board and leave and were involved in regular collisions. Water transport thrived during this time, dependent on the influence of the powerful river-using industries, which had restricted river bridges. During the early part of the 19th Century, however, their influence began to decrease, and new bridge crossings were. Vauxhall (1816), Waterloo (1817), Southwark (1819) and London (1824-31) all reduced the need for river transport on a commuter level, and also stimulated further road constru ctions south of the river through the latter half of the century [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 229]. By 1890, the development of the road and railway networks had all but decimated the steamboat trade. The Horse and Carriage The Horse and Carriage as a means of transport was indelible throughout the Victorian era, and despite growing congestion throughout the 19th Century (along with the escalating costs of keeping and feeding horses in London) there were still 23,000 private carriages travelling through the city in 1891 [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 229]. Road network developments and improvements were implemented throughout the Victorian era, all of which had to take into account the very particular needs of horse and carriage transport. The avoidance of steep gradients and limitations in the manoeuvrability of the carriages may have contributed to the levels of congestion seen throughout London throughout the Victorian era, and perhaps even up to today (with the maintenance of many of the road networks from the past century). This reliance on forms of horse drawn transport, not only encouraged walking in the lower classes (who couldnt afford the maintenance of a horse and carriage), but was also perhaps responsible for maintaining the compactness of London and restraining the outward movement of industry. Though gradually replaced by other means of public transport up to the First World War, the horse and carriage has remained the dominant means of road transport for a very long time. The upper classes had their own carriages, hackney carriages The rich had their own carriages, hackneys were available, and hansom cabs were introduced in 1834. Some got to work by short-stage coaches (four or six passengers inside and a handful outside). Horse and Carriage also remained the main form of transport in the movement of good around London (on the eve of the First World War most of Londons good vechicles were still horse drawn) [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 229]. The Omnibus and Commuter Transport One thing that has defined patterns of social change within a transport context in London over the past two centuries has been the establishment and growth of the commuter and associated public transport. The very term commuter came into being during the 1850s as more and more people were able to travel to work from greater distances, and the average Londoners journeys on public transport increased from 20 in the late 1860s to almost 140 in 1902 [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 230]. In the early 18th Century, short-distance stagecoaches, known as short-stagers appeared throughout Londons streets. These coaches carried four to six passengers inside and up to seven outside on the roof, and were used to provide regular services from the centre of London to the outskirts. This means of transport was introduced to serve the better-off when they moved out to the then desirable suburbs. By 1825, stagers had become commonplace, with probably around 600 such vehicles making around 1,800 journey s a day [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 233]. These most popular of these coaches was the Hackney Carriage, which had a monopoly on the central areas of London up to 1832. Another idea developing at the time was the idea of the omnibus, which many believe single handed began the commuter revolution. The service was first established in July 1829 by George Shillibeer, running from the Stingo public house, Paddington, to the Bank, along to the New Road. Shillibeers omnibuses were long three-horse vehicles with benches for twenty passengers [Porter 1994, pp 237]. The idea was to increase the numbers of passengers that were able to travel by stage-coach, thus lowering the fares for the daily commuter. Because of the Hackney carriage monopoly of the central areas of London, however, the venture failed by 1831. This stimulated the Stage Carriages Act of 1832 which allowed the omnibuses and all other types of vehicle into the central areas, freely plying the streets for trade. The Stage Carriages Act also stimulated the advent of the omnibus back into the world of commuter travel as they could now access the central areas. The cheaper fares (they were nearly half the price of the Hackney Carriages) and their increased speed made them more convenient for the middle class commuter. There were also considerable negative impacts associated with the development of Londons public transport during this period. A paradox quickly arose as thousands of extra vehicles took to the streets improving public transport, whilst simultaneously exacerbating congestion issues in the city. It should also be noted that despite this rise in use of these services, the fares of public transport remained fairly high and prohibitive for most working-class people until the introduction of subsidised services towards the end of the century [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 228]. As a result of this, combined with the service hours (they generally ran from eight in the morning when the majority of the working class workers were in work), the service remained, like the stagers before them, a largely middle class service. They proved effective, however, in permitting suburban living among tradesmen and clerks, and gave the inner suburbs a crucial boost during the 1830s and 1840s [Porter 1994, pp 240]. The success of the omnibus continued and was encouraged by low taxation (taxes on public transport were cut by up to a half in 1839) and competition and 1851, the year of the great exhibition, omnibuses carried around 20,000 passengers daily [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 236]. The closure of this however brought rapid growth to an end and fares plummeted as many firms went bankrupt. One success story however was the London General Omnibus Company, which, by 1900 owned nearly half of the 3,000 horse-drawn buses and trams, carrying some 500 million passengers a year [Porter 1994, pp 240] stimulated by rising incomes and a suburban migration during the late 1800s. The loss of monopoly during the 1832 Act had also led to a doubling of the number of hackneys and investment in new equipment and innovations, with the hansom cab eventually becoming the norm [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 234]. Eventually competition from other means of transport put an end to the days of horse drawn public tr ansport with the last known service in 1914. Railways The great material transformations of the 1800s, combined with the physical and social geographies of the city led to a major transformation in the railways of London. From the 1830s the cuttings ploughed into the northern suburban areas on their routes into Euston, then Kings Cross and St Pancreas [Porter 1994, pp 230]. These developments reinforced east/west social divides, devastating some areas while bettering others, however Londons traffic problems were becoming ominous, as a result of the vast increase of traffic and the absence of any policy. For these reasons, the coming of rail transport, overground and underground was critical in keeping the metropolis moving and in permitting the city to expand. But if the railways brought benefits these were purchased at a high cost. The downwards shift of some of these neighbourhoods is mainly attributable to later railway building that destroyed many inner-urban neighbourhood environments and made it possible for their more prosperous residents to move further out [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 233]. Underground Road Improvements In 1800 Londons road infrastructure was generally main thoroughfares running from east to west above the River Thames. These were often narrow, poorly maintained and blocked by street markets and other local activity, and little inner city road improvement was undertaken before the Commercial Road development in 1810 which sped transport to the dockland areas [Porter, 1994, pp 235], which seemed to stimulate a spurt of road networks. Major developments in the central area included Regent Street (1817-23) and Moorgate, cutting north-south thoroughfares through the traditional east- west pattern, and the major trunk routes constructed to the north of the built-up area including New North Road (1812), Archway Road (1813), Caledonian Road (1826) and Finchley Road (1826-35) [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 231]. There were also a number of new river crossings introduced during this period including Vauxhall (1816), Waterloo (1817), Southwark (1819) and London (1824-31). This period also saw road conditions beginning to be improved via increased expenditure on widening, paving and drainage, and on new routes [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 240]. Cycling Cars and Buses As previously discussed, the horse and carriage remained the dominant form of road transport throughout the Victorian era. Despite the many drawbacks of motorised transport, it has been rightly quipped that the invention of the motor car saved large cities in the nick of time from being engulfed in mountains of horse dung [Ball and Sunderland, 2001 pp 229]. Hackney motor cabs were first introduced in 1903 and proved immensely popular, particularly after the 1907 introduction of the taximeter. Ball pp 233. The growth of the bus use amongst the middle classes preceded the major change in motive power, from the horse to the petrol engine and the emergence of underground and electrified tram services and it was the petrol-driven motor buses that were to revolutionise public transport from their first introduction in 1899. The first bus service was operated by Motor Traction Co, who, for a short while ran two double-deckers between Kensington and Victoria. Cumberson, uncomfortable and generally unreliable they were initially unsuccessful. However, their advantages quickly became apparent they had greater carrying capacity than their horse-driven counterparts and travelled at somewhat higher speeds (though these were restricted by legislation), enabling routes to be longer. Running costs were lower and less variable and their success encouraged further investment in 1905 with the establishment of the London Motor Omnibus Company and Vanguard [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 239]. In the 1900s competition grew (from 1906 to 1907 the number of buses nearly quadrupled from 242 to 808) and many services saw a period of consolidation as congestion grew. New regulations lead to the development of the B-type bus in 1910 and by 1914 the public had taken the new motorised bus to heart with 757 million passengers. Today cities are designed on the premise of the car, on an autologic which underlines policy and planning in large parts of the world [Brudett, 2008]. Overview of Victorian Era: After centuries that had brought little alteration in ways of getting about, the Victorians created a transport revolution that changed not just the face of the town but the status map of the metropolis [Porter 1994, pp 235].

The Important Role of Transcendentalism in American History Essay

The Important Role of Transcendentalism in American History In 1830, a movement known as Transcendentalism began to gain popularity in America. Representing an idealistic system of thought, "strength, courage, self-confidence, and independence of mind"1 were some basic values admired by the followers of the Transcendental movement. Transcendentalists opposed many aspects of their government, where they felt "many unjust laws existed."2 Therefore, they became the leaders of many modern reform movements. Transcendentalists also had a major affect on their society. Transcendentalism became a "powerful force for democracy."3 Originating in the area in and around Concord, Massachusettes, Transcendentalism was recognized as having an "underlying relationship to the Romantic movement as a whole."4 Three of the most obvious or well known sources or origin of Transcendentalism are neo-platonism, German idealistic philosophy, and certain Eastern mystical writings which were introduced into the Boston area in the early nineteenth century."5 Transcendental beliefs focused on "the importance of spirit over matter."6 Ralph Waldo Emerson, a well known Transcendentalist, felt that "all men aspire to the highest, and most of them spend their lives seeking money and power only because they see nothing higher."7 Followers also believed in a spiritual hunger, or the need to find themselves one with the world. In addition, they believed in "an ascending hierarchy of spiritual values rising to absolute good, truth, and beauty."8 Transcendentalists also believed in a supreme being, the Oversoul, and felt that "if the Oversoul is all powerful and at the same time good, then evil does not exist."9... ...reconciled few of them."19 It was never united by a set program. Transcendentalism was comprised of the various interests and labors of many different personal concepts. Therefore, there were many conflicting values which made it an unsteady system to follow. At the time of the Transcendentalism movement, "it preached, practiced, an idealism that was greatly needed in a rapidly expanding economy."20 However, soon people began to find other, more comprehensible means of dealing within society. Therefore, they began to turn away from Transcendentalism. However, even though Transcendentalism is non-existent as a whole today, many of its ideas, values, and morals are still present in many of the religions and beliefs of today's society. In conclusion, Transcendentalism will always be present in the world, it just will not have as obvious a presence.

Essay about Mandates and Federalism Essay

Over the last twenty-five years, federalism has transformed due to the increase in federal mandates on state and local governments. Federalism refers to a political system in which there are local units of government, as well as a national government, that can make final decisions with respect to at least some governmental activities, and whose existence is protected. When the Framers devised this political system their goal was to protect personal liberty and create a separation of powers. Over the years, federalism’s goal of decentralization evolved giving states more leeway. Mandates, however, have in a way, increased federal power, imposing requirements and/or conditions for obtaining federal grants. These mandates provided federal restrictions on states’ economic actions and have served the former purpose of protecting personal liberties because they usually concern civil rights and environmental protection. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, for example, shows how federalism has changed and how mandates have augmented the regulation of state and local governments’ actions. Mandates created a new form of a â€Å"check† on state governmental activities. Mandates increased federal supremacy because they were mandatory. They take the form of regulatory statutes. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, for instance, required that businesses and state and local governments provide the disabled with equal access to services, transportation systems, employment, and buildings. In enacting this mandate, the federal government’s objective was to create equality and regulate what the states did with federal funds by imposing costs. State or local governments may not discriminate against qualified individuals with disabilities. All government facilities, services, and communications must be accessible consistent with the requirements of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Individuals may file complaints with federal agencies to be designated by the U.S. Attorney General or bring private lawsuits. The ADA helped to change federalism because it had a great impact on state and local government budget priorities. Because the Americans with Disabilities Act did not specify what it’s definition of equal access was, the states had no idea as to what this mandate would cost. It provided no outline for how the mandate was to be administered, nor did it provide dependable estimates on  how much it could possibly cost to employ. The mandates provided the disabled with equality, preventing discrimination, at a fairly high cost. Since the states were not certain about the definition of equal access, they had to facilitate services, building equipment on buses, ramps in buildings etc. There’s no doubt that mandates have an impact on state and local budget priorities. By trying to meet the terms of the ADA, states had to shift their attention from other projects, which were perhaps more important (maybe because of the low number of disabled in the area). State governments had to make mandates a priority because they were federal â€Å"commands† that had to be obeyed. Thus, mandates not only increased involvement between the states and the federal government (federal-state relations), but they also nationalized the government more. Mandates allowed the states to spend with respect to important matters. States obey the mandates and by doing so they create legislation that benefits the people. By having mandates, the federal government prevents the states from misspending federal money. The potential consequences of removing the Americans with Disabilities Act would have great effects on federalism. If the mandate were removed, the federal government wouldn’t have as much power to control how federal money was spent. States wouldn’t be pressured into passing legislation that benefit a certain group. In addition, those who benefited from the mandate, the disabled, would not be treated equally since there would no longer be handicap access in public places. The removal of mandates affects the federal-state relations in that it decentralizes the government more and diminishes whatever authority the federal government has over the state government. Federalism has in fact changed over the past twenty-five years. It has become more complex, creating things like mandates, which control state actions. Mandates changed federalism, perhaps for the better. Because of the federal demands, states and federal government had to work together in order to protect certain rights and meet the needs of the people. Public policies became more nationalized as a result of mandates. They had an impact on the devolution revolution, which for some time had shifted responsibilities to the states , giving them more power and involvement in policies. However,  with mandates, the power was shifted back the federal government, the supreme. Bibliography Wilson American Government http://www.icanonline.net/news/fullpage.cfm/articleid/6CAEB15E-3A1A-4743-8BCCD55D82731B98/cx/issues.stay_informed/article.cfm

Personal Narrative Example Essay

You can call it following in footsteps or walking the same path, but I don’t see it like that. My grandmother calls her daughter, mother calls her sister, and I call her Aunty. She has always been my figure to look up to. She has inspired me to be the person who I truly want to be. My Aunt Marie is a strong, beautiful, and successful woman who, in spite of her work, has always been there for me when it counts in my life. I want to not only follow in her line of work, but I want to have her strength, love, and poise during everything. She is my hero, my guiding light, a woman who has taught me to stay true to myself and become the person I want to be. A conversation, one I fondly remember happened during an evening out to dinner. We had gone to this big burger place; it was one of my brother’s favorite places to eat out. It was just my middle brother, Christopher, me, and my aunt. Of course my brother ordered the biggest burger on the menu, his reasoning, â€Å"A manly man needs a manly burger.† We ladies, on the other hand, ordered a salad. Our topic for discussion was what we planned to do for our future. In my family I have always been the black sheep when it came to what my future entitled. Both of my brothers already knew what their plans were; Stephen is going into electronics and Christopher is becoming a machinist. I, on the other hand, had no clue what I wanted. Sure I had a general idea; something in the medical field, psychologist or something in law. So not very narrow, but at least an idea. At this time I hated this line of discussion. My brothers could say something, but I had nothing. I feel now this was the case since I wanted to make sure the career I chose would be one I enjoyed to work in. Without knowing from this night my aunt would teach me a valuable lesson. This was the first night I told her I was contemplating joining the Army. Out of all people, I suppose it was she I expected the acceptance from. My Aunt joined the Army at just 17 years old and became an MP. My Aunt explained to me how the military is a whole different ball field today than it was when she joined. Do not get me wrong, it is not like she put me down hard and gave me a, â€Å"what the hell would you do that for† response. I was given the best response instead. She proceeded to tell me how the military needs to be a choice I made for myself; that it was a choice I truly needed to be sure about. She also told me if this turned out to be something I wanted to do and it had to be for myself, that she would have some of her agents who work for her talk to me. Each would be from a different branch of the military, and they would explain each one to me so when I chose I would know fully what I was getting into. She wants to make sure my head is on straight before I sign any papers. It makes sense; once papers are signed you are committed for the duration of enlistment. I just hope she knows that I am not doing it because I think she wants me to, but rather I feel it will benefit me for my career choice. As I write this now, it has been four years since this conversation and I have had plenty of time now to think of my future. I can say though that it has not been until the past four months that I have actually figured out what I want to do with my life. I want to do something in Law enforcement; a career, that at the end of, I had made some sort of difference in another personâ⠂¬â„¢s life. That was the main thing for me when I was thinking of my future; I knew whatever I chose to do I wanted it to make a difference. I believe my choice in law enforcement certainly comes from her. I have always had an interest because of being surrounded by it all my life. When we were little I went to work with her and with my brother, Christopher; she showed us all the gadgets her agents used and I was intrigued. As I remember this dinner, I remember her explaining to me how my life is mine; I cannot mimic someone else’s. She told me I needed to explore my options and figure out what I truly want; take in consideration not only the job, but the life it would give to you. I remember her also saying, â€Å"It is not all about the money, sure you should be financially sound, but life is not all about having a lot of money.† These are words to live by in my point of view. So many people today are caught up in the aspect of making so much money they forget what they truly hav e. I want to live my life and be grateful for the little things while still making sure I can financially support myself so I am at least comfortable. I want a life to be proud of. The first step to this, I believe, is college. As a senior now, this has been the fous of our year. I have been so grateful for recently being accepted into my number one, top choice, college. The University of New Haven, on November 18th, 2012 the college sent me its congratulations on being accepted into the college for the fall 2013 semester. I want to go here for the Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic science. I hope to major in Law Enforcement with a minor in Psychology or Sociology. My Aunt gave me the encouragement to push myself through high school so I can have the future I want. She showed me how anyone can become what she wants if they truly want it. She came from a farm house out in the boonies, into the Army at 17, and now is a renowned member at the DEA office in Washington D.C. She travels the world for her job. Her future is set; she has a 35 year pension from the military, a 401 K in place from her current job that will keep her financially sound way beyond retirement. I want this for myself, a job that will benefit me not only in the moment, but in the long run. She has taught me how when you are my age you cannot think of only right now, you have to think of your future, especially with you career and what it can provide for you in the long run. My aunt has been my role model to look up to for as long as I can remember. She has been the person who I inspire to be. She is a constant beautiful light that has always reminded me to do the right thing. On the night of that conversation I remember thinking, â€Å"Missy don’t you forget tonight, don’t you forget what she is telling you.† I will forever remember this night. Reason, it was the night she taught me the most important lesson ever; to stay true to yourself and create the life you want to live. From the man whose put them in his own words, Dr. Seuss, â€Å"Today you are you, that is truer than true. There is no one alive who is Youer than you.†

Blance DuBois essays

Blance DuBois essays "Blanche DuBois in "A Streetcar Named Desire" is to some extent living an unreal existence." Jonathan Briggs, book critic for the Clay County Freepress. In Tennessee Williams' play, "A Streetcar Named Desire" the readers are introduced to a character named Blanche DuBois. Blanche is Stella's younger sister who has come to visit Stella and her husband Stanley in New Orleans. After their first meeting Stanley develops a strong dislike for Blanche and everything associated with her. Among the things Stanley dislikes about Blanche are her "spoiled-girl" manners and her indirect and quizzical way of conversing. Stanley also believes that Blanche has conned him and his wife out of the family mansion. In his opinion, she is a good-for-nothing "leech" that has attached itself to his household, and is just living off him. Blanche's lifelong habit of avoiding unpleasant realities leads to her breakdown as seen in her irrational response to death, her dependency, and her inability to defend herself from Stanley's attacks. Blanches situation with her husband is the key to her later behavior. She married rather early at the age of sixteen to whom a boy she believed was a perfect gentleman. He was sensitive, understanding, and civilized much like herself coming from an aristocratic background. She was truly in love with Allen whom she considered perfect in every way. Unfortunately for her he was a homosexual. As she caught him one evening in their house with an older man, she said nothing, permitting her disbelief to build up inside her. Sometime later that evening, while the two of them were dancing, she told him what she had seen and how he disgusted her. Immediately, he ran off the dance floor and shot himself, with the gunshot forever staying in Blanches mind. After that day, Blanche believed that she was really at fault for his suicide. She became promiscuous, seeking a substitute men (especially young boys), for her dead hus...

Free Online Language Courses

Free Online Language Courses Want to learn a new language? The internet has a number of high-quality distance learning language courses. Best of all, many non-credit courses can be taken for free. Arabic Learn to Read Arabic (www.arabicreadingcourse.com) – â€Å"These are a few very basic learn-to-read-the-alphabet lessons.† Babel: Arabic (i-cias.com/babel/arabic/index.htm) – â€Å"From your online computer you will have lessons with sound as well as grammar lessons.† Armenian Armenipedia (www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?titleArmenian_Lessons) - This section has a free Eastern Armenian Lessons Online book, which will enable English speakers to learn Armenian at their own pace.† Chinese Rutgers Multimedia Chinese Teaching System (Chinese.rutgers.edu) – Chinese lessons from the State University of New Jersey. Chinese Tools (www.chinese-tools.com) – 40 online lessons including reading, writing, modern vocabulary, grammar, examples and exercises.† French The French Tutorial (www.frenchtutorial.com) – â€Å"The French Tutorial is a web-based step by step lesson covering basics, pronunciation, but also grammar, vocabulary and everyday French. It offers audio support for better oral comprehension, a table of contents and an index for faster searches.† French Language Course (www.jump-gate.com/languages/french/) – â€Å"The following French course is intended to allow you to understand written French (newspapers, articles, magazines, signs on the road during your next trip in France, etc.) and to write a letter to a French friend or correspondent.† Word Prof (www.wordprof.com) – â€Å"If youve ever been lost for words in a French exam or when traveling in France our interactive* web site will help you learn all the French vocabulary you need.† German German for Travelers (www.learngermanonline.org/german-for-travellers) – â€Å"Dozens of free online resources.† German for Beginners (www.deutschakademie.de/online-deutschkurs/english) – The largest free German online course. Hebrew Foundation Stone (foundationstone.com.au) - â€Å"A free and easy to use Java application for you to learn Hebrew.† Biblia Hebrew (www.bible101.org/hebrew) – â€Å"Found on this site are notes from a graduate Biblical Hebrew Level I class taught by Dr. David Wallace.† Alph-Bet (darkwing.uoregon.edu/~ylcflx/Aleph-Bet) – â€Å"The tutorials on this site are designed to reinforce vocabulary and spelling for beginning students of modern Hebrew.† Learn to Read Hebrew (www.cartoonhebrew.com) – â€Å"Fun methods based on pictures to help you to learn to read Hebrew, like yesterday!† Italian Parliamo italiano! (www.oneworlditaliano.com/english/italian/italian-course-free-online.htm) – Take the free 37 unit Italian course. The Italian Electronic Classroom (www.locuta.com/eclass.html) – â€Å"Aimed at providing free on-line, useful information on difficult aspects of the Italian language to students, teachers, translators, writers.† Japanese Free Japanese Lessons (www.freejapaneselessons.com) – â€Å"The goal of this page is to teach you the basics in a way that is, hopefully, easy to understand.† Learn Japanese (www.learn-japanese.net) – â€Å"Provides the most comprehensive Japanese lessons on the web.† Want more language learning? Take a look at the Peace Corps Language Courses Archive for lessons and audio content designed for international Peace Corps volunteers.

Why do you need to prep for the SAT

Why do you need to prep for the SAT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you thinking about how much to prep for the SAT, or whether you should even prep for the SAT? This article answers your questions on that! The Origins of the SAT When the ETS (the folks who make the SAT) began, way back in 1947, college admission was based entirely on high school records and admissions counselors’ opinions of students’ â€Å"character.† Obviously, this was a bad way to form a student body and also extremely unfair. There had to be some way to assess all the students in the country uniformly to be able to compare between them. The Challenge of the SAT But how do you test â€Å"scholastic aptitude,† as the SAT used to claim it did? You have to use only material that everyone has been taught in school, or it’s unfair. You have to make it multiple choice, or grading would be impossible (the essay is an attempt to bypass some of the limitations of multiple choice testing). They’re not trying to test subjects, they’re trying to test reasoning: â€Å"to think, understand, and form judgments by a process of logic; to find an answer to a problem by considering various possible solutions† (adapted from the New American Oxford Dictionary). But there are lots of systems in which logic operates: which to choose? What They Decided to Do In an effort to be fair to â€Å"language people† and â€Å"math people† alike, they chose to include both systems in their test of â€Å"scholastic aptitude.† (They had to change this acronym because many people claimed that the SAT was not an accurate test of scholastic aptitudenow the letters â€Å"SAT† technically don’t stand for anything.) But, inevitably, the standardization of the testfrom student to student and year to yearrequired that they use the exact same elements of these two subjects, phrased in the exact same way, in every test. So they ended up with a test that has the same question formats testing the same concepts over 170 questions per test, 7 tests per year, for as many years as they can get away with not changing it. Because this test can make or break a student’s college options (and, arguably, his or her life options), each question has to be totally airtightno exceptions, no way to interpret the answer in multiple ways. The point of all this is that the SAT is, by definition, an extremely rigid, consistent and unintuitive testand those 3 aspects of it make SAT prep almost a necessity for most students. Test Format The ETS tests (SAT, GRE, and TOEFL, among others) are unlike any other test you’ve ever taken. They’re held in these specific places and times, have multiple sections about alternating subjects, and are extremely particular about what you are and aren’t allowed to use (e.g. a calculator and a watch are fine; your phone is not). This aspect alone is something everyone who cares to do well on the test should be prepared for. Question Format Originally, the ETS claimed that the test was designed not to require preparationafter all, reasoning is reasoning, right? But out here in the real world, people were learning different. Eventually the College Board (the people who own the SATETS only designs and runs it) was compelled to produce some limited preparation materials in response to public pressure. One main reason for this is that the questions on the SAT are both strangely worded and totally predictable, a combination practically designed to benefit those who prepare for the test. For example, a common Math question type is formatted like this: If someone tells you it’s opposite day, which of the following must be true? I. It is opposite day II. It is not opposite day III. The person is lying A: I only B: II only C: I and II only D: I and III only E: I, II and III Don’t think too hard about this one. The point is that this question seems much harder than it is, because this is an insane way to phrase a question. Good SAT prep (including PrepScholar) will familiarize you with how to handle these question types, among others that will almost definitely confuse students who have never seen them before. Question Content The content of the SAT, on the other hand, will be familiar to most high schoolers. The highest levels of math it requires are some complicated algebra and plane geometry; all the English skills it requires are basic tenets of writing. In fact, the content of the SAT has been pretty much the same since the 50s. The addition of the Writing section in 2005 was the biggest recent change to the test, but it’s just as formulaic and consistent as the others, for the reasons we discussed earlier in this post. The consistency of the content of the SAT is perhaps the most compelling reason to prep thoroughlyit asks about things that may seem random to the unprepared, but are actually part of a very narrow band of language and math skills. Similarly, the content that the SAT doesn’t test can be helpful to know, because it’s easy to get distracted by thing that seem odd about a question but aren’t actually ever tested. The Takeaway If you’re trying to plan your SAT prep, this blog post should be able to help you out. You don’t have to prep with us, but you should prep with something. The ETS tried to make a pure test of reasoning, but it can’t be done. The result is an idiosyncratic, seemingly random, set of topics and questions for which it is essential to prepare. And if you found this helpful or interesting, please share it or consider joining the mailing list to get our updates and insights 1-2 times per week! Also, get our FREE EBOOK on SAT Prep:

Pathophysiology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pathophysiology - Assignment Example If the patient consumed a diet rich in proteins, sodium, and sugar, then he unknowingly contributed to the accumulation of the kidney stones. In addition, the rate of water intake by the patient possibly contributed more to the maintenance of sodium and calcium metals in his kidneys. An insufficient intake of water by the patient could have led to dehydration and the minute passage of sodium, calcium, and oxalates in small amounts through the kidneys (Editore, 2014). The test results of the patient’s white blood cell count would have been around 11.5 Ãâ€" 109 (4-22.1). This white blood cell count is extremely high for a urine sample, which is a sign of a urinary infection. Blood calcium levels of the patient would have been high, causing the body to store the excess calcium in the bones and pass the rest in urine and stool (Editore, 2014). A CT scan would sensitively reveal the kidney stones explicitly and implicitly through the detection of widened ureters. X-ray results would make urinary tract visible and reveal renal calculi that contain enough calcium for the x-ray to pick up. The best treatment for the patient is lithotripsy if the stones are big. To prevent recurrence, the patient take prescribed medications and drink plenty of fluids while at home or work (Editore,

Issues in Multicultural Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Issues in Multicultural Britain - Essay Example ultures and traditions; however critiques believe that multiculturalism promotes negative aspects such as riots, terrorism, ethnic division, clash of ideologies, etc (Pathak, 2008, p. 72). Britain has been a multicultural society for years but now it tends to have been failing. The national curriculum was introduced in 1988 in the United Kingdom. It was the nationwide curriculum for all the primary and secondary state schools of Britain. The curriculum has been recently revised in order to catch up with the world’s best education systems. The government has designed curriculum changes which would help the children to compete and catch up with the best. This is also referred to as the revolution in education by the Prime Minister and he believes this is vital for the economic prosperity of the country. Moreover, the new national curriculum is written by purely experts in the field, and thus it does not depend on the personal prejudices of the ministers. As the globalization is rapidly spreading all across the world, including Britain, it has become even difficult to conserve our identities. The international borders have been nullified due to the globalization and in order to ensure that the people of every religion, race, ethnic group, and culture are living in peace, the governments have introduced some reforms and legislations (Aydin, 2013, p. 58). The national curriculum is also a part of the educational reforms which covers the long history of multiculturalism and diversity in England. The curriculum includes the historic development of multiculturalism and ethnic diversity, and the progress of multiculturalism education (Pitcher, 2009, p. 24). Since Britain is shaped by a wide variety of cultures and religions, the blood alone is not the factor anymore which makes someone British. However, what it means to be British is related to the fundamental values of Britain which are present in every person living there. These values include the people’s right to

Choose one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Choose one - Essay Example As I was reading the text, I felt compelled to verify the facts that were presented against my own personal experience of growing up in a major East Coast city. It is always a treat to re-examine my own home town from someone else's perspective. Without a doubt I found Jacobs' poignant assessment of city life was something with which I could strongly identify. Each section of the text highlights a critical aspect of the city that becomes through Jacobs' voice a substantial statement about the inner workings of the urban community. At first glance some of the subject matter might seem peripheral but for the exceptional insight and understanding demonstrated by the author. I didn't know that a man-made landscape could be considered a living organism until Jacobs made the reference to a city being a kind of ecosystem. Everything needs to be balanced and in harmony for all of the occupants to survive in such a fragile place. Nothing makes you think "city" more than the idea of the sidewalk, which is the pedestrian's portion of a city street. Investigating the sidewalk is surely an essential component to gaining an understanding of any urban community. In a crowded city filled with businesses, municipal structures, and parked cars these are just about the only public spaces left for people to spend their time. A safe place to walk is only one of the many functions that the sidewalk fills in a typical city. The sidewalk is like a living conduit that connects all of the separate houses and turns them in to a neighborhood. In a big city, the sidewalks seem to go on and on forever. You could imagine that it would take years to explore all of the streets in even a modest sized community. Like most inner city kids, I spent my entire youth playing on the sidewalk. The streets where I lived were always buzzing with activity. In the mornings many small children marched past my house on the way to the local elemen tary school. Adults strolled to their cars and sped off to work, while the elderly folks tended the garden or simply sat on the stoop socializing. The corner store two doors down from me was another hub of intense movement. Many different people would come and go at slightly different hours of the day, so that there was a constant stream of foot traffic. There were the morning deliveries of newspapers and mail. Maintenance workers and meter readers seemed to visit on a regular basis. Cars carrying tourists who got lost on their way to the airport would occasionally cruise past and stop to have a look. At dusk the teenagers would carouse and mingle. A variety of people used the sidewalk each day for their own purposes, and sometimes those lives would intersect with each other. As Jacobs states, "lowly, unpurposeful and random as they may appear, sidewalk contacts are the small change from which a city's wealth of public life may grow" (95). As I look back I can see that I had lived in a healthy community. There were other neighborhoods that I knew about which were decidedly unhealthy. The local housing projects for example were the places that my friends and I scrupulously avoided. For some reason these tenements were tucked away in a part of the city that was easy to bypass. The

Geographies of war, occupation, resistance, and terrorism Essay

Geographies of war, occupation, resistance, and terrorism - Essay Example Unlike Britain and France, the major European powers, the US were highly recognized by Middle East as a good country with good people. Some of the key factors that improved US image in the eyes of the Middle East countries include the introduction of up-to-date medicine initiatives in the region, establishment of educational institutions, and provision of qualified petroleum engineers. As a result of the contributions of the US made in Middle East, the two regions had a strong connection prior to the Second World War. However, in the recent past, the two regions had a negative relationship that had triggered political unrest. This paper seeks to analyze the causes and solutions of the conflicts between Middle East and US. Even though Arabs and Israel have been involved in conflicts for a long period of time, the vested interest of the foreign countries, also referred to as foreign elite, has triggered the violence that led to large number of deaths in the Middle East countries. In ad dition to the US, China, Britain, Germany and Russia have also focused at controlling the oil in the Middle East countries. It is worth noting that as long as the foreign elite continue to be involved in the Middle East politics, the conflicts will remain unresolved. ... According to the Arab countries, US is the major cause of the conflict based on its political suppression, occupation of native land, military invasion as well as continued support of Israel on its political suppression against Palestine (Wu Sike 15). Additionally, Middle East countries argue that the US have negatively affected the culture of Arab countries by bringing about western values that have sabotaged the significant values of Islam community. As a result of the US invasion, the radical in the Middle East have gone to the extreme in their endeavor to resist the US control resulting to the emergence of terrorism. Another major cause of the animosity between the US and Middle East is the aim of the former to control the Middle East oil. In their efforts to expand their oil reserves, the US and other powerful states interferes with Arab-Israel conflicts with an aim of controlling the vast petroleum resources that acts as the major source of income for the Middle East countries. As a result, Arab countries have joined together to attack US interests in their countries such as the embassies, diplomats and other expatriates. In their efforts to improve their economy and intensify their control over the Middle East foreign countries have continued to sell weapons to the Arab countries an aspect that instigated conflicts in the Middle East. In this regard, it is fundamental for the UN and other international organizations to ban the sale of weapons to the Middle East countries to eliminate the war that has decapitated the economy of the Arab countries. Morris (37) argues that the emergence of corrupt and poor leadership in Middle East is one of the

Film review Argo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film review Argo - Research Paper Example The main character of Mendez is played by the director himself. The movie has received widespread success and is one of the best eleven movies of the year 2012. It was also nominated for a number of awards and also won many such nominations including the Oscars, Golden Globe along with other acclaimed awards. However many of the critiques have put forward that the movie diverts from the events that took place in real. This essay would compare the critiques of the different newspapers and would argue as to if these are logical enough to put down the story. The story revolves around the rescue and escape of six Americans from the American embassy when it was attacked by the Iranian revolutionaries. Although there were 52 Americans in the embassy when the attack happened, only 6 were able to escape through a back door and were then given a refuge in the home of the Canadian embassy. In order to save their lives, a CIA specialist made a plan to bring them safely back to their home. The p lan was to depict then 6 Americans as part of a Canadian film crew visiting Iran for a science fiction movie. However, due to certain mistakes on part of the group, the revolutionaries find out about the escape of these Americans. Due to limited time, the Americans had to be taken out of the country immediately. After certain last time escapes, the Americans are able to pass through airport security and reach home safely. However, the film has been criticized for being biased and not portraying the true facts of the actual events. According to The New Yorker, which is a US based newspaper, the film termed to idea of making a movie to rescue the six Americans as being ridiculous. It also comments on the representation of the Hollywood industry as being deceitful as well as the fake directors and actors which were hired for pure execution of their plan. It also shows severe criticism of the style showed during the film of the era in Iran. According to this article, the camera work is not up to the mark as well. As stated earlier, a movie based on historical events should show facts of the actual events but even this article states that this was not done so in this film. It includes that the real account of events as stated by Paul Mendez himself do not show any kind of a disruption or a problem during the passage of the hostages through the airport but the film follows a different storyline showing a number of events and actions in order to fill it with drama. The ending of the movie was also criticized for the same reasons as being far away from what actually happened. Overall, the movie did not receive a good review from The New Yorker in terms of the depiction of the actual events of the history (Film within a film, Web). According to The Telegraph of the UK, the strongest point of the movie is the execution of the storyline and the depiction of the Iranian revolutionaries. According to it, the recreation of the era is 1970s is exceptionally good as far as th e style of the actors is concerned. The dialogues are reviewed to be fast moving and appropriate with the scenes of US adopting a humorous approach whereas Iranian scenes were a bit serious based on the nature of events that took place. The talents of the director are praised, particularly the way he depicted and mixed the emotions of fear and violence. According to it, this movie may not have shown the facts of the act

Grammar and Composition Drafting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Grammar and Composition Drafting - Essay Example In my view, technology plays a destructive role in the modern society because it produces weapon with which people kill each other, ruins people’s morality through boosting greed in them, and destroys nature since it is often impossible to control. The middle part of your paper is the body of the paper. It develops the most important points which support your thesis statement. It contains three paragraphs. These paragraphs follow the points listed in the three-step format. Technology produces weapon with which people kill each other. Billions of people have been murdered with the help of technology since the day a shotgun was invented. Patrick Thomson, a Director of the Royal Museum in Sussex, says, â€Å"Who knows how many people would have lived longer but for the ordinary shot gun† (Thomson, â€Å"Destruction Today†). Similarly, Wendy Clifford, an American reporter, believes weapon plays a fatal role in 2 out of 20 domestic conflicts where it is used (Clifford, â€Å"Domestic Violence and Weapon†). Technology ruins human morality through boosting greed in people. When we see new iPads or iPhones advertised on TV, we wish to get these things even if in reality we do not need them. Other examples of greed for more technologically advanced and thus â€Å"better† things include: wishes to change cars, cell phones, software, and television. Technology destroys nature since it is often impossible to control. Nuclear explosions, oil spills, and animal extinction – these are horrible results of technological progress. It seems, if humanity continues to â€Å"develop† with the same pace, our planet Earth will become a deserted place in the following 100 years or even less. All in all, it is hard to find something less ruinous and destructive than technology invented by people. Since weapon kills people, greed for new gadgets â€Å"kills† morality and human inventions destroy nature, technology may be easily believed to play a destructive role in

Film review Argo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film review Argo - Research Paper Example The main character of Mendez is played by the director himself. The movie has received widespread success and is one of the best eleven movies of the year 2012. It was also nominated for a number of awards and also won many such nominations including the Oscars, Golden Globe along with other acclaimed awards. However many of the critiques have put forward that the movie diverts from the events that took place in real. This essay would compare the critiques of the different newspapers and would argue as to if these are logical enough to put down the story. The story revolves around the rescue and escape of six Americans from the American embassy when it was attacked by the Iranian revolutionaries. Although there were 52 Americans in the embassy when the attack happened, only 6 were able to escape through a back door and were then given a refuge in the home of the Canadian embassy. In order to save their lives, a CIA specialist made a plan to bring them safely back to their home. The p lan was to depict then 6 Americans as part of a Canadian film crew visiting Iran for a science fiction movie. However, due to certain mistakes on part of the group, the revolutionaries find out about the escape of these Americans. Due to limited time, the Americans had to be taken out of the country immediately. After certain last time escapes, the Americans are able to pass through airport security and reach home safely. However, the film has been criticized for being biased and not portraying the true facts of the actual events. According to The New Yorker, which is a US based newspaper, the film termed to idea of making a movie to rescue the six Americans as being ridiculous. It also comments on the representation of the Hollywood industry as being deceitful as well as the fake directors and actors which were hired for pure execution of their plan. It also shows severe criticism of the style showed during the film of the era in Iran. According to this article, the camera work is not up to the mark as well. As stated earlier, a movie based on historical events should show facts of the actual events but even this article states that this was not done so in this film. It includes that the real account of events as stated by Paul Mendez himself do not show any kind of a disruption or a problem during the passage of the hostages through the airport but the film follows a different storyline showing a number of events and actions in order to fill it with drama. The ending of the movie was also criticized for the same reasons as being far away from what actually happened. Overall, the movie did not receive a good review from The New Yorker in terms of the depiction of the actual events of the history (Film within a film, Web). According to The Telegraph of the UK, the strongest point of the movie is the execution of the storyline and the depiction of the Iranian revolutionaries. According to it, the recreation of the era is 1970s is exceptionally good as far as th e style of the actors is concerned. The dialogues are reviewed to be fast moving and appropriate with the scenes of US adopting a humorous approach whereas Iranian scenes were a bit serious based on the nature of events that took place. The talents of the director are praised, particularly the way he depicted and mixed the emotions of fear and violence. According to it, this movie may not have shown the facts of the act

Greek tragedy Essay Example for Free

Greek tragedy Essay The hero in a Greek tragedy I want to compare with the hero Dante in the Divine Comedy is Oedipus in Sophocles Oedipus the King. Concerning their respective process of self-knowledge acquisition, we find some differences: their original recognition of self is dissimilar, and so are their method and result of self-pursuit. First, Oedipus and Dante have different perceptions of self. In Oedipus the King, Oedipus confidently knows who he is and where he comes from-a exiled wanderer saving the Thebans from the Sphinx. On the contrary, in Canto 1 of the Inferno in the Divine Comedy, the author/the protagonist Dante gets lost in the forest of darkness, a symbol of human vice. He is in the dark and perplexed at who he is. Comparing with Oedipus the Greek hero who daringly does his will (he believes human intelligence can compete with God), Dante the Christian hero rather hesitates about himself and thus follows the guide Virgil. Second and accordingly, their method to explore self-knowledge is different: Oedipus does this with human reason whereas Dante with pious belief in God. Oedipus does not intentionally pursue self-knowledge, but just tries his best with intellect to find the truth one after another about the murderer (himself) of the then king Laius-which can be seen as his process to find self-knowledge. Contrarily, through a sacred journey, Dante acquires self-knowledge by following Virgil and Beatrice, and in person seeing the sins and punishments in the Inferno, the redemption in the Purgatory, and the Providence in the Paradise. Paradoxically, the way for Oedipus to gain self-knowledge (truth) drives him into affliction when he step by step gets to know his identity-a patricidal murderer and the cause of plague while Dante acquiring self-knowledge knows that the happiness of eternal life lies in true faith and Providential Love. While Oedipus self-truth is acquired from his downfall (the physical blindness), Dante the protagonists self-knowledge is sublimated into a will in contact with God. All in all, as a tragic hero in search of self-knowledge, Oedipus reflects reason and humanity. It is because in the 5th century B.C., the Sophoclean age, people questioned the nature of everything with reason and thereby faces the dilemma of believing human reason or praying God. But in the theocentric Middle Ages, as a Christian hero, Dante, whose thinking and conceptions are based on religious beliefs, resorts to Gods Infinite Mercy to find self-knowledge and the meaning of life.

In The Time Of The Butterflies Essay

In The Time Of The Butterflies Essay Many years ago, people believed that women did not have the right to express their ideas and feelings. These people thought that women were born just to get married and become mothers, and if they considered going to school they were often punished by society. At that time, women were not allowed to go to school or to have a job because they had to be in charge of the house. At home, women had not only to take care of their children but also they had to satisfy their husbands, take care of the old and sick members of the family and do the housework. Something very important that we have to consider is that in those times the families did not have just one or two children, but six or seven. This made it even more difficult for them. Women of that time were discriminated against socially. They did not have the same opportunities as men. Women could not have important jobs, and if they had, they did not receive the same treatment and salaries as men. Women were the worst paid and the mo st exploited. Women had always a secondary role in the family and society. Fortunately now, the situation has changed and society has established more rights for the protection of the women. However, there are still some places where people continue to have the negative beliefs about keeping women always at home. Nowadays, women have rebelled against those who think they are just an object that can be bought and sold. Most of them are not afraid to fight for their rights anymore, they are now allowed to do everything they want; they can work, they can express their opinions, they can attend school, and they can even vote and have important jobs in our society. In our new society, women can have as important jobs as men. For example, in Germany, the citizens have a woman as president because now society supports them and believes in them. In this paper, the two stories that I am going to analyse are In The Time of the Butterflies written by Julia Alvarez and The Color Purple written by Alice Walker. My essay is going to focus on the role of the main women in each story. Celie, Nettie, Sofia and the Mirabal sisters. The reason I decided to talk about this topic is because even though I am a man, I think women should receive the same treatment and opportunities as us, men. And also because it is very important to know that women have an important and essential role not only at home but also in labour lives. In The Time of the Butterflies is a story that talks about the lives of the Mirabal family, especially of the Mirabal sisters. This story takes place in the Dominican Republic where each Mirabal sister narrates the story according to her point of view. The Mirabal sisters called Patria, Minerva, Dedà © and Maria Teresa. These women were involved in a movement against Trujillo, who at that time governed the Dominican Republic. This man was an oppressor and he governed the nation in a brutal and cruel way. This movement against Trujillo shows the Mirabal sisters as strong women, women who fought for their rights and who gave their lives in order to get the treatment any woman deserved. On the other hand, The Color Purple is a story about violence, oppression and discrimination against women. Celie, a little black girl, is raped by her stepfather many times. She had two babies by him. Celie receives discrimination from white people, who treat black people as animals or, at best, as servants. Celie is given to Mr Black by her stepfather. Mr Black forces Celie to have sexual relations with him. He beats her. The babies Celie has had from her stepfather have been taken away from her. Celie is just fourteen years old, but she has now to take care of Mr Blacks children. Celie knows nothing about love because she has never experienced that feeling. She has just received beating and oppression from everyone. Mr Black has a son, Harpo, who marries to Sofia. Harpo humiliates and hits Sofia. But he gets a huge surprise; Sofia will not allow it. Sofia is a strong and independent woman who fights for her rights. Nettie, Celie ´s sister, is discriminated against as well. As we see, these two stories have many things in common, and one of the most important is the role that women play in each novel. In The Time of the Butterflies, the Mirabal sisters grew up in an upper class because their father was a businessman. The Mirabal sisters were very close and they were expected to get married and to have babies, and that is what they did. The Mirabal sisters supported each other in any decision they made. Here we can find a clear similarity with The Color Purple; it is because in this novel the sisters Celie and Nettie were always very close as well. Even though these sisters were separated from each other, they were together their thoughts. Another similarity between these two stories is that in both novels women have very traditional roles. For example, in The Color Purple when Celie is taken to Mr Black ´s house, she has to take care of the children, do the housework and satisfy Mr Black. She has to do everything Mr Black wants; she was even forc ed to have sexual relations. Celie was hit by Mr Black and she received a terrible treatment. Even though Celie was just fourteen years old Mr Black did not allow her to attend school. Women at that time were expected to get married and become mothers and going to school did not make any sense at all. It is another similarity with In The Time of the Butterflies, people also thought that women should stay at home with the children. A clear difference between these women is that in The Color Purple Celie, the protagonist of the novel, and her sister Nettie, did not have the opportunity of attending school. They were poor and they did not have someone who could support them. On the other hand, In The Time of the Butterflies, the Mirabal sisters, Patria, Dedà ©, Maria Teresa and Minerva had the opportunity to study because their father, Don Enrique Mirabal, earned enough money to send them to school. However, these sisters suffered too, but in a different way. The Mirabal sisters suffered because of Trujillo. Trujillo was the government of Dominican Republic at that time. He was an oppressor and his dictatorship was brutal. Trujillo used to treat women as objects, he could have any woman he wanted because he had the power. Here, we have another similarity with The Color Purple, in this novel Mr Black was an oppressor and a dictator too. He forces Celie to do things she did not want to do. However, Celie had to ob ey him, and she did not have the opportunity to say what she really thought. Mr Black had Celie as a servant in his house while he spent time with Shug Avery, a woman who Mr. Black loved. Thats why Trujillo and Mr Black have many things in common. Both were machinists. In The Color Purple we have Sofia, character who for me is the strongest woman in the novel. Sofia married Harpo, Mr. Black ´s son. Harpo wants to treat Sofia, his wife; of the same manner, his father treats Celie. However, Sofia is a very intelligent woman and she does not allow it. On the contrary, Sofia takes control of the house and she does not allow herself to be insulted by anybody. She confronts even the white community, this community treated blacks as animals, but Sofia rebelled against that and she fought for her freedom. Unfortunately, she was taken to jail because she hits and insults a very important white man in the town. The similarity with In The Time of the Butterflies is that Sofia has the same courage that Minerva, one of the Mirabal sisters. For me, Minerva was also the bravest and strongest woman in this novel. I think these two women are similar. They have the same purpose in fighting; they wanted freedom for themselves and for their families. These two women did not really care if they lost their freedom in order to get their fights. Minerva Mirabal gave her life in order to have a better country and Sofia, from The Color Purple, lost her freedom in order to get a better treatment for her family and for the black community. Another similarity I found is that in each novel there is one woman who narrates or tells her story through writings. For example, in In The Time of the Butterflies Dedà © narrates her story through a diary, in which she wrote all that happened to her. On the other hand, In The Color Purple Celie tells her story through letters to God. In these papers, Celi and Dedà ¨ could write all their thought and all those things they could not say in front of people. In these papers, they expressed all they felt. And I could say that these papers were like a person they could talk to. In conclusion, I can say that these two stories made me think about the life I want for my daughters in a future. In these novels there was much tragedy but they showed me the value people should give to the women. I personally believe that all women have to have the same opportunities. The society should not distinguish between black and white women, because they are all equals. Consequently, they have to be treated in the same manner as the society treats men. Women have the same and even more capacity as men and sometimes they are stronger. Women have the power to sacrifice her life in order to save their relatives not matter what. The difference between genders is just an obstacle created by the human mind.

How Miller creates Dramatic Tension in Act One of The Crucible Essay

Twentieth Century Drama How does Miller create dramatic tension in Act One of "The Crucible"? "The Crucible", by Arthur Miller, focuses on Theocracy and the effect it can have on a community, as well as on an individual. From Act One, Miller creates dramatic tension in many different ways. These include dramatic irony, and sudden twists in the plot, as well as the range of emotions that Miller's characters express both frequently and eloquently. As the curtain rises, the audience are curious as to why a man who is so clearly distressed is sat over the girl, Betty, who lies motionless and 'inert' on a bed. The audience grows more curious as he calls for God to help him, and the audience are intrigued, wondering what is happening. In a direct contrast to this, the ending of the scene is loud and frantic, leaving nothing to the imagination, with all the girls screeching and accusing. The intense power that the girls? poses is intoxifying, and is illustrated when a character orders: ?Let the marshal bring irons? This shows the control these children have, if they can alter the minds of these men, persuading them to lock up innocents. This also shows the control they have over the whole community. The visual impact of the opening scene is that of a ?clean spareness?, the room only contains the bare minimum needed. This also relates to the Puritan way of life, ?vanities? were frowned upon and rooms were furnished with only what was necessary. The fact that rev. Parris is ?evidently in prayer? has religious references which, as the play goes on, are confirmed. The quote: ?There is a narrow window, through its panes the morning sunlight streams? also indicates that the room is basic ? it would seem that even lig... ...sympathy to those doomed to this fate, after doing nothing wrong, who are merely counters in Abigail?s sinister game to gain attention. When Hail orders for: ?the marshal [to] bring irons? it shows a high form of drama, as the curtain drops leaving the audience to imagine the next scene, innocent women being drawn form their families. In conclusion, I enjoyed this play, and my reaction was enhanced by the dramatic tension Miller creates in so many ways. The unexpected twists and use of dramatic irony help to keep the audience?s attention, while the sub-plot of rivalry adds interest and also reflects the main plot. The abrupt ending of act one, reflects the abrupt ending of the play as a whole, leaving the remainder to the imagination. Ending like these force viewers to envision what would follow, and, once again this all adds to the dramatic tension.

A Short Biography of Saint Joan of Arc :: essays research papers

A Short Biography of Saint Joan of Arc Saint Joan was born on January 6, 1412, in the village of Domremy to Jacques and Isabelle d'Arc. Joan was the youngest of their five children. While growing up among the fields and pastures of her village, she was called Jeannette but when she entered into her mission, her name was changed to Jeanne, la Pucelle, or Joan, the Maid. As a child she was taught domestic skills as well as her religion by her mother. Joan would later say, "As for spinning and sewing, I fear no woman in Rouen." And again, "It was my mother alone who taught me the 'Our Father' and 'Hail Mary' and the 'Creed;' and from none other was I taught my faith." From her earliest of years Joan was known for her obedience to her parents, religious fervor, goodness, unselfish generosity and kindness toward her neighbors. Simonin Munier, one of Joan's childhood friends, tells how Joan had nursed him back to health when he was sick. Some of her playmates teased her for being 'too pious.' Others remembered how she would give up her bed to the homeless stranger who came to her father's door asking for shelter. Joan was 'like all the others' in her village until her thirteenth year. "When I was about thirteen, I received revelation from Our Lord by a voice which told me to be good and attend church often and that God would help me." She stated that her 'Voices' were Saint Michael the Archangel, Saint Catherine and Saint Margaret. At first her 'Voices' came to her two or three times a week but as the time for her mission drew near (five years later), they visited her daily telling her to 'Go into France' to raise the siege of Orleans, conduct the Dauphin Charles to Reims for his crowning and to drive the English from the land. Joan went to the neighboring town of Vaucouleurs, which means Valley of many colors. There she spoke to the loyal French governor by the name of Sir Robert de Baudricourt. After many rejections he finally agreed to send her to the Dauphin who at the time was living at the castle of Chinon. On the evening of February 23, 1429, she began her mission for God. In the company of six men, she rode through the Gate of France on her way to Chinon. Joan reached this town on March 6th, but was not received by the Dauphin, Charles, until the evening of March 9th.

Reflection Worksheet Essay

Please use the information from your interview to complete this worksheet. Submit this worksheet in the Module 2: Assignment Dropbox no later than Day 7 of Module 2. Include vocabulary and concepts from your reading and course site to support and illustrate your own insights. In preparation for the papers you’ll write later in this course, take the time to organize your thoughts for each question and write clearly. 1. Summarize how you were rated on the 4 components of Interpersonal Effectiveness. Where are you doing well? Where do you need some practice? (Simply report your findings – do not explain your position). For the 4 components of Interpersonal Effectiveness, I was rated decently. In Emotional Intelligence, the only thing that I need to improve on is staying calm when speaking; I have a tendency to raise my voice and be overly intense. For Mindfulness, I was rated highly; I do posses the ability to maintain my full attention to the person and allow the person to speak before I do. Ethics was also rated highly, being able to keep in mind the situations of others. Competence was high, as well, I’m able to put aside my own differences in order to better understand others. 2. Discuss the differences and similarities between your interview results and your own self-assessment in Module 1: Discussion 2. How are people’s perceptions of your interpersonal effectiveness in alignment (or not) with your own? What surprised you? Honestly, I was not surprised by the results of the interview and my own self-assessment. I knew coming into the interview that I needed to work on some things, specifically, Emotional Intelligence. I’ve always had a temper when talking with someone and they are either not listening to me or not understanding where I’m coming from. It does seem that when I’m talking to someone I don’t really know, my Emotional Intelligence is in check. I’m able to tone down how I respond or act in unfamiliar territory when it comes to others. 3. How easy or hard was it for you to stay open-minded and non-defensive? Why? What did you have to do to stay open-minded and non-defensive? It was somewhat easy for me to stay open-minded and non-defensive because I was talking with someone I’m comfortable with. One thing I’ve learned is when you are faced with talking to someone you don’t necessarily agree with, it’s easy to put yourself in their shoes. Not getting so caught up in my feelings and ideas help me to maintain a leveled head. I have to remind myself that everyone is entitled to their opinions and ideals and I don’t have to like them but I do need to respect them. Having talked with someone I know did make me keeping all of that in mind, a little easier to do. 4. Why do you think you are being perceived as you are? Consider the perception process as outlined in Chapter 2 (i.e. selection, organization, interpretation, negotiation). For example, did your partner notice or â€Å"select† different behaviors than you expected? Or, did he/she think or â€Å"interpret† your behavior in ways that were different from what you intended? I think why I’m being perceived the way I am is because of my body language. The moment I folded my arms my partner knew I was becoming defensive. When I place my hand under my chin to rest my head, my partner assumed I was bored which was not the case at that time, I genuinely wanted to just hold my hand under my chin. Some perceptions that my partner saw and explained how they were feeling about it weren’t all accurate. My partner pointed out things that I didn’t realize I was doing and took it as disrespect but some habits I have are just that – habits. 5. Summarize 2 key insights from this assignment. What do you know now about your behavior and interpersonal effectiveness that you didn’t know before? There really wasn’t any behaviors and interpersonal effectiveness that I didn’t know already. This assignment did make some behaviors stand out more than others, such as, Emotional Intelligence. I’ve known I have a problem with remaining calm and not â€Å"wear my emotions on my sleeve† when having a conversation with someone and I don’t agree with what they’re saying. This assignment definitely pulled that out in full force and made me realize how often I do it. If anything that was a behavior that I didn’t notice that I do quite often in conversation. 6. Identify 2 actions you can take (i.e. new behaviors you can practice) that will immediately help you improve your interpersonal effectiveness. Be specific. One action I can take that will improve my interpersonal effectiveness is becoming a more active listener. Instead of just â€Å"waiting to speak† I can be present in that moment of conversation with someone and attentively listen. A second action I could practice would be to keep in mind Emotional Intelligence. Making sure I refrain from â€Å"wearing my emotions on my sleeve† and not get too involved in how things are said as much as what is being said. Listening with an open and clear mind will help me improve how I interact with others.

Hourly Rounding & Fall Precaution Essay

Falls are a common occurrence among medical, surgical and elderly patients in hospitals. One of the largest categories of reported adverse events in hospitals are patient falls, which are estimated to cost more than $20 billion a year. (2010 Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, Inc.) Prevention is the best method to decrease the number of falls and reduce hospital cost and increase patient satisfaction. One of the best ways to prevent falls is patient hourly rounding. Hourly rounding means intentionally checking on patients at regular intervals continuously to ensure patients’ needs has been met. Attending to patients’ comfort, safety, and environmental needs may prevent adverse events like falls and contribute to patients’ satisfaction. There is study which evaluates the effectiveness of hourly rounding to reduce the rate of falls. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hourly rounding on fall rates and patient satisfaction in patients. Metho ds: MEDLINE and CINAHL were the search engines. Key search words were hourly/patient rounding, falls, call lights, and patient satisfaction ( Margo A 2009). Evaluations were conducted in all hospital units, telemetry, medical/surgical and orthopedic. Reports were retrieved .In 5 of 6 studies (83%) that examined use of call lights, the use was reduced. (Meade C 2006) reported that nurses were summoned 12 to 15 times daily to respond to non-urgent needs such as toileting, positioning, or pain relief. By nurses’ anticipating these needs through making rounds, patient care may be interrupted less with non-urgent calls. Fall rates were reduced in 7 of 9 studies (77%) in which falls were evaluated. In one study, (Kalman M 2008) making rounds did not affect the rate of falls, and in another study ((Bourgault A 2008) the rate of falls increased. Other studies uncovered less use of restraints (Assi M 2008) and attendants when making rounds was instituted. In 8 of 9 studies (88%), researche rs discovered improvements in overall patient satisfaction (Medsurg Nurse. 2008) .They were more satisfied with anticipation and attention to personal needs, timeliness of nurses’ response, and management of pain. Patients who had frequent admission to the hospital noted the difference after implementation of hourly rounding. They perceived the nursing staff to be more attentive. Available evidence  represent that making rounds is appropriate, safe, and useful for practice and has positive impact to decrease rate of falls and increase patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Decreasing patients fall and increasing patient satisfaction are important goal in any organizations .In this study hourly rounding has improved patient satisfaction and decreased rate of falls in patients significantly, however higher quality study designs are needed to assess the effect of hourly rounds in a variety of settings, including units with a history of good outcomes, to determine what promise making rounds holds for further improvements (Meade C 2006). The study of hourly rounding is very significant to the nursing. Many studies reviled the importance of hourly rounding and it is an interdisciplinary practice in most of the institutes. Making hourly rounds can be viewed as a bundle of interventions that promote not only comfort but safety of both patients and nurses (Mosby,2008).Hourly rounding helps nurses to anticipate and evaluate the needs of patients ,addresses the 4ps (pain , position , potty , possessions) and additional comfort needs . Research about hourly roundi ng shows it is effective in increasing patient satisfaction, increasing nursing satisfaction and increasing quality by reducing fall rates. Hourly Rounding & Fall Precaution Falls are a common occurrence among medical, surgical and elderly patients in hospitals. One of the largest categories of reported adverse events in hospitals are patient falls, which are estimated to cost more than $20 billion a year. (2010 Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, Inc.) Prevention is the best method to decrease the number of falls and reduce hospital cost and increase patient satisfaction. One of the best ways to prevent falls is patient hourly rounding. Hourly rounding means intentionally checking on patients at regular intervals continuously to ensure patients’ needs has been met. Attending to patients’ comfort, safety, and environmental needs may prevent adverse events like falls and contribute to patients’ satisfaction. There is study which evaluates the effectiveness of hourly rounding to reduce the rate of falls. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hourly rounding on fall rates and patient satisfaction in patients. Methods: MEDLINE and CINAHL were the search engines. Key search words were hourly/patient rounding, falls, call lights, and patient satisfaction ( Margo A 2009). Evaluations were conducted in all hospital units, telemetry, medical/surgical and orthopedic. Reports were retrieved .In 5 of 6 studies (83%) that examined use of call lights, the use was reduced. (Meade C 2006) reported that nurses were summoned 12 to 15 times daily to respond to non-urgent needs such as toileting, positioning, or pain relief. By nurses’ anticipating these needs through making rounds, patient care may be interrupted less with non-urgent calls. Fall rates were reduced in 7 of 9 studies (77%) in which falls were evaluated. In one study, (Kalman M 2008) making rounds did not affect the rate of falls, and in another study ((Bourgault A 2008) the rate of falls increased . Other studies uncovered less use of restraints (Assi M 2008) and attendants when making rounds was instituted. In 8 of 9 studies (88%), research ers discovered improvements in overall patient satisfaction (Medsurg Nurse. 2008) .They were more satisfied with anticipation and attention to personal needs, timeliness of nurses’ response, and management of pain. Patients who had frequent admission to the hospital noted the difference after implementation of hourly rounding .They perceived the nursing staff to be more attentive. Available evidence represent that making rounds is appropriate, safe, and useful for practice and has positive impact to decrease rate of falls and increase patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Decreasing patients fall and increasing patient satisfaction are important goal in any organizations .In this study hourly rounding has improved patient satisfaction and decreased rate of falls in patients significantly, however higher quality study designs are needed to assess the effect of hourly rounds in a variety of settings, including units with a history of good outcomes, to determine what promise making rounds holds for further improvements (Meade C 2006). The study of hourly rounding is very significant to the nursing. Many studies reviled the importance of hourly rounding and it is an interdisciplinary practice in most of the institutes. Making hourly rounds can be viewed as a bundle of interventions  that promote not only comfort but safety of both patients and nurses (Mosby,2008).Hourly rounding helps nurses to anticipate and evaluate the needs of patients ,addresses the 4ps (pain , position , potty , possessions) and additional comfort needs . Research about hourly rou nding shows it is effective in increasing patient satisfaction, increasing nursing satisfaction and increasing quality by reducing fall rates.

English Lit – Descriptive Writing

Describe the scene at a train station It is 8 o’clock in the morning at Liverpool train station, the busiest hour throughout the whole day, it’s also known as the rush hour. Trains of all imaginable colours gradually draw to a halt, causing a slightly burned smell from the brakes. As the automatic doors fly open, continuous flows start of people shoving and pushing, rushing to get off into the already crowded station. The noise of the tannoy is hidden beneath the murmur of the crowds of people.Mothers franticly scan for their lost children, while groups of people and tourists rush out eagerly ready to explore the city. Teenagers huddled together by the walls giggle to each other while on their new, shiny blackberry mobiles. People sigh due to the now prolonged waiting for the toilets as the queues start to grow. Unfortunately the smell of urine diffuses into the air from the toilets. Business people in their smart suits and briefcases march through the station, obliviou s to anything that is going on.Impatient men and women stomp their fingers on the touch screen ticket machine, hoping that by doing so it will work faster. They then become even more frustrated when they then discover the escalator is not working and have to drag their entire luggage down it. Before the exits, there are many food and drink shops, such as McDonalds, Pizza Hut and Starbucks. There’s a fighting battle for smells as people walk through the centre. Greasy fries and burger smells emmiting from MsDonalds, followed by coffee and cakes from Starbucks, then Pizza and burned wedges from Pizza Hut.

School holidays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School holidays - Essay Example In order to attend the first Mass, an individual has to be out of bed as early as a quarter to six, in the morning. The first mass usually begins at exactly eight o’clock, and Father Franco is never known to be late for Mass. It was not easy for most of our peers to attend the first Mass because it cut in on their precious holiday sleep, which was a privilege that not many cared to forfeit just to attend the first Mass. Ken and I had different motivators that saw us opt it. During the school holiday, we had a favorite Sunday afternoon activity that involved going swimming at the local sports club where we had the opportunity to interact and socialize with young girls whom we fancied. Getting to the swimming pool early was the best strategy of eliminating competition and getting the best poolside sunbathing spots close to the girls. Additionally, visiting the swimming pool earlier meant that we could not be locked out when the gate is closed to prevent more people from coming in since it had a limited capacity. We lived in a community where skipping church attendance was a taboo because we lived in an extremely strict Catholic society. Everyone had to attend church on Sunday morning before attending to any other activity unless a person was bedridden or incapacitated by a life-threatening situation.

The Reform of the House of Lords Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Reform of the House of Lords - Term Paper Example While the primacy of the Commons was originally derived from its electoral mandate, its continuing relevance is furthered by its functions and roles. The Government cannot govern without the support of the Commons because it has final say on legislation. As the Royal Commission chaired by Lord Wakeham emphasized, "The House of Commons, as the principal political forum, should have the final say in respect of all major public policy issues" and "it would be wrong to restore the fully bicameral nature of the pre-1911 Parliament."3 The primary role played by the Commons rests on several factors. First, its mandate as the direct representatives of the people means that it has greater democratic legitimacy than the Lords. The Commons' power to grant or withhold supply (public expenditure) is the source of its ability to uphold or dismiss the Government. Without the Commons' consent, the Government cannot function because the Commons approves the expenditure. It is thus undesirable for the reformed Lords to undermine this primacy. Changes in the Lords composition might lead to this undesirable outcome.4 The Lords cannot have the same power of public expenditure because there must only be a single route through which the Government secures its authority to govern. The Lords should have less power over the Government although it can ask the Government to reconsider a proposal without questioning the Government's authority. The primacy of the Commons is enshrined in the Parliament Acts, which limit the power of the Lords to veto legislative proposals, contain specific provisions relating to Bills on national taxation, public money or loans or their management. In a dispute between the two chambers on primary legislation, the Commons is supreme.The Lords should neither be a rival nor a mirror of the Commons. The Lords should not also be a rubber stamp of the Government's proposals. The primary function of a second chamber is the scrutiny of proposed legislation to provid e a second opinion. In order to secure the highest possible quality of legislation, a government must provide this second opinion.  

QUANTITATIVE DECISION MAKING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

QUANTITATIVE DECISION MAKING - Essay Example The catastrophe had halted its domestic production and suspended its manufacturing operation because two of its refinery and assembly plants near the epicenter of the earthquake had been burned (â€Å"Japan Earthquake†). Due to this event, Toyota had experienced a decline in their monthly sales and reported the biggest lost in the company’s history. Forecasting underlying demand for steel in Japan is made to be difficult, â€Å"since substantial part of Japanese domestic steel consumption depends on exports of products containing steel, such as the automobile and consumer durables sectors† (Old et al., 92). In addition, the event is difficult to forecast for it is critical for the company to evaluate the impact of the natural disaster to worldsteel demand. However, the worldsteel Economics Committee forecasted that â€Å"apparent steel use will increase by 5.9% to 1,359 mmt for 2011, following 13.2% growth in 2010. In 2012, it is forecast that world steel demand will grow further by 6.0% to reach a new record of 1,441 mmt† (â€Å"Worldsteel†). But the forecast is said to be biased for it is prepared before the occurrence of the natural disaster. It is illustrated in figure 1, the historical relationship of global GDP and steel industry from 2009 to 2010.